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Structural Constructs and Ease Reduction Treatment Interface Related to Cling Fit

Venkatasamy Nithyaprakash, Dhandapani Saravanan

Autex Research Journal

2020

Vol. 20, no. 1

85--92

Garment cling fit is a proximal fit that emphasizes close clinging contour lines of the apparel maintained by it on the human body in regular postures and while performing primary movements. To understand the nature of interface between ease reduction treatments and structural constructs, three-dimensional (3D) modeling of human body using body mapping concept and ease reduction treatment’s role in explaining the garment strain patterns in cling fit conditions were investigated. We report the impact of ease reduction treatment that defines the proportions and measurements of the cling fit pattern with reference to human body surface profile.

Oval concrete domes

Kobielak S., Zamiar Z.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2017

Vol. 17, no. 3

486--501

The paper presents a review and update of the design and construction of oval concrete domes with a particular emphasis on the rectangular plane, with rounded corners, of the RC dome constructed in Wrocław, Poland, which is one of the few shells of this type realized in the world. The roots of oval domes lie in mediaeval times, when they were made as masonry. The best known dome examples of this period, as well as the development outline of thin oval concrete structures and the data on the geometry of such domes were given. One of the major challenges in the realization of such non-standardized concrete domes is applying novel, cost-effective forming techniques in their construction. A review of innovative low cost aesthetic forming systems of thin concrete shells was made. Nearly a half of the paper makes a description of the design and construction of Wrocław's oval dome (23.7 m × 18.20 m × 4.70 m) of thickness 80 mm, which covers the rectangular nave of the church building. The RC dome is supported by two longitudinal and two transversal beams (200 mm × 2600 mm), which rest in the four corners of the building's masonry walls. The geometry and equations of the section curves as well as the results of a static analysis with the use of FEM as well as reinforcement drawings of the dome and its support beams were given. The particular phases of the dome construction illustrated by means of drawings were presented.

Heuristics in optimal detailed design of precast road bridges

Yepes V., Martí J. V., García-Segura T., González-Vidosa F.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2017

Vol. 17, no. 4

738--749

This paper deals with the cost optimization of road bridges consisting of concrete slabs prepared in situ and two precast-prestressed U-shaped beams of self-compacting concrete. It shows the efficiency of four heuristic algorithms applied to a problem of 59 discrete variables. The four algorithms are the Descent Local Search (DLS), a threshold accepting algorithm with mutation operation (TAMO), the Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the Memetic Algorithm (MA). The heuristic optimization algorithms are applied to a bridge with a span length of 35 m and a width of 12 m. A performance analysis is run for the different heuristics, based on a study of Pareto optimal solutions between execution time and efficiency. The best results were obtained with TAMO for a minimum cost of 104 184€. Among the key findings of the study, the practical use of these heuristics in real cases stands out. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from the investigation of the algorithms allows a range of values for the design optimization of such structures and pre-dimensioning of the variables to be recommended.