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Microstructure-related properties of explosively welded multi-layer Ti/Al composites after rolling and annealing

Solecka Monika, Mróz Sebastian, Petrzak Paweł, Mania Izabela, Szota Piotr, Stefanik Andrzej, Garstka Tomasz, Paul Henryk

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

2023

Vol. 23, no. 1

art. no. e39, 2023

The processes of rolling and annealing of explosively welded multi-layered plates significantly affect the functional properties of the composite. In current research, fifteen-layered composite plates were fabricated using a single-shot explosive welding technique. The composites were then rolled up to 72% to reduce layer thickness, followed by annealing at 625 °C for varying times up to 100 h. Microstructure evolution and chemical composition changes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the composite were evaluated by tensile testing, while the strengths of individual layers near the interface were evaluated by micro-hardness measurements. After explosive welding, the wavy interfaces were always formed between the top layers of the composite and the wave parameters decreasing as the bottom layers approach. Due to the rolling process, the thickness of Ti and Al layers decreases, and the waviness of top interfaces disappeared. Simultaneously, the necking and fracture of some Ti layers were observed. During annealing, the thickness of layers with chemical composition corresponding to the Al3Ti phase increased with annealing time. A study of growth kinetic shows that growth is controlled by chemical reaction and diffusion. The results of micro-hardness tests showed that after annealing, a fourfold increase of hardness can be observed in the reaction layers in relation to the Ti, while in relation to Al, the increase of hardness is even 15 times greater.

Mikrostruktura i właściwości mechaniczne wielowarstwowych platerów na bazie Al i Ti wytwarzanych z wykorzystaniem energii wybuchu

Paul H., Prażmowski M., Gałka A., Miszczyk M.

Przegląd Spawalnictwa

2018

R. 90, nr 4

63--65

W pracy analizowano zmiany mikrostrukturalne oraz formowanie się nowych faz w wielowarstwowych układach platerów zbudowanych na bazie Ti i Al. Wykorzystano techniki mikroskopii optycznej i skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej, pomiary mikrotwardości, a także próbę zginania w warunkach udarowych. Obserwacje w skali makro pokazały, że w procesie spajania wytworzono 15-warstwowy plater wolny od nieciągłości strukturalnych. Powierzchnie połączenia uległy silnemu odkształceniu i wykazywały mieszany falisto-płaski charakter ze strefami przetopień preferencyjnie lokowanymi na grzbiecie oraz w zawinięciach fal. Zaobserwowano, że silnie pofalowane granice połączenia zawsze formowały się w warstwach położonych w pobliżu ładunku wybuchowego. Analizy w mikro skali udokumentowały występowanie cienkiej warstwy przetopionej o silnie rozdrobnionej strukturze.

Microstructure and phase in the bonding zone of explosively welded Ti/Al multilayer clads were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The defect-free multilayer composite was successfully formed. The macro-scale observations showed that the interfaces between joined plates presented mixed wavy/flat shape with solidified melt inclusions located preferentially at the crest of each wave and in the wave vortex. It was found that interfaces of wavy character were always formed in layers near the explosive charge and flattened with the increase of the distance from the top surface. The micro-scale analyses observations revealed a presence of very thin reaction layer at the flat parts of the joint plates and nano-grained structure of melted zones.