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1

Diversity of Ant Community in Ore Sedimentation Basin under Different Regimes of Reclamation

Dvořáčková M., Pech P., Prausová R., Horák J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 2

139--152

EN

Post-industrial sites form a unique phenomenon in the landscape. They enable us to study the human-altered succession of communities. Regarding this, we studied an ant community in three types of habitats – reclamation and spontaneous succession in an ore basin together with unaltered surroundings in the Czech Republic. More than 30 years after being abandoned, the site with spontaneous succession was more species rich than the reclaimed one. Moreover, spontaneous succession created a habitat that was more similar regarding ant diversity to the unaltered surrounding environment than that after traditional reclamation. Ants dependent on tree vegetation were rather rare in both the reclaimed and spontaneous succession parts of the ore basin compared to the surrounding landscape. The relative abundance of socially parasitic ants increases in a gradient from the reclaimed basin, through the basin with spontaneous succession to the unaltered surroundings. Our study highlighted the fact that the formation of ant communities at post-industrial sites is clearly more complicated than for other arthropods, including related aculeate hymenopterans. The potential of both reclaimed and spontaneous succession basins for harbouring endangered species appeared to be lower for ants than for other taxa indicated by recent studies.

2

Kolonizacja instalacji ciepłej wody bakteriami Legionella sp. w szpitalach i obiektach użyteczności publicznej w świetle badań prowadzonych na terenie powiatu przemyskiego i miasta Przemyśla

Honicka B., Sidor A.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2016

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z. 63, nr 2/I

57--64

PL

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie i ocena kolonizacji sieci wody ciepłej szpitali i obiektów użyteczności publicznej bakteriami Legionella sp. na terenie powiatu przemyskiego i miasta Przemyśla w latach 2010–2013. Do oceny wykorzystano wyniki badań wody ciepłej uzyskane w ramach nadzoru realizowanego w tym zakresie przez Państwowego Powiatowego Inspektora Sanitarnego w Przemyślu. Uzyskane wyniki badań z lat 2010-2013 wyraźnie wskazują na skolonizowanie bakteriami Legionella sp. instalacji ciepłej wody użytkowej na poziomie średnim i wysokim. W ocenianych sieciach ciepłej wody były znaczące przekroczenia liczby bakterii Legionella sp. Łącznie zbadano 28 próbki wody ciepłej, w 12 spośród nich wykryto ponadnormatywną liczbę bakterii Legionella sp. (tj. powyżej 100 j.t.k. w 100 ml wody), co stanowiło 43% przebadanych próbek. Próbki do badań pobrano z instalacji wodociągowej z następujących miejsc: kotłownia – wpływ do podgrzewacza, kotłownia – wypływ z podgrzewacza, kran w łazienkach dla pacjentów z oddziałów, na których przebywają osoby należące do grupy podwyższonego ryzyka (onkologia, intensywna opieka medyczna). Punkty pobierania próbek obejmowały także urządzenia wytwarzające aerozol wodno–powietrzny (jacuzzi). Pobór wody poprzedzało badanie temperatury wody. Aby spowodować zmniejszenie ich koncentracji zostały przeprowadzone procesy dezynfekcji instalacji ciepłej wody użytkowej. Najczęściej stosowaną metodą dezynfekcji chemicznej było chlorowanie.Po przeprowadzonych działaniach naprawczych uzyskano wymaganą jakość ciepłej wody w ocenianych obiektach.

EN

Objectives of the work, assessment of hot water network colonization in hospitals and public buildings in the area of Przemyśl and ditrict of Przemyśl in years 2010-2013. The assessement was carried out in years 2010-2013 on the basis of hot water tests for the presence of Legionlla sp. bacteria. The research results from years 2010-2013 indicate explicitly hot water network colonization by bacteria, at medium and high level. In examined hot water, the ammount of Legionella bacteria was considerably exceeded. 28 hot water samples were examined and in 12 of them, which constitute 43% of the total number, oversized number of bacteria was found (above 100 units in 100 ml of water). Test samples were taken from water supply system of the following locations: boiler room - the inflow to the heater, boiler room - outflow from the heater, faucet in the bathroom for patients from wards where there are persons belonging to group at increased risk (oncology, intensive care). Test sampling points also included devices producing water-air aerosol (Jacuzzi). Water sampling was preceded by a test of water temperature. To cause a decrease in their concentration disinfection processes of domestic hot water installation were carried out. The most common method of chemical water disinfection was chlorination. After corrective action required hot water quality in inspected objects was achieved.

3

Clutch size variation in agile frog Rana dalmatica on post-mining areas

Solský M., Smolová D., Doležalová J., Šebková K., Vojar J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 4

789--799

EN

Clutch size is an important life history trait in amphibians, and it varies among and within species, populations and individuals. Within a population, its variation has been attributed to a positive relationship between females’ age or size and their fecundity as well as to spatio-temporal differences in environmental conditions. Therefore, clutch size has been shown to be both spatially and seasonally variable. We examined spatial and seasonal clutch size variation based upon two years of study involving 160 clutches of the Agile Frog Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 in 14 ponds within one spoil bank in the Czech Republic’s North Bohemian brown coal basin. The overall mean clutch size was 1295 (SD 596), which is one of the largest that has been reported. However, both clutch size and its variance differed considerably between the years. Clutch size also varied among the ponds. We found no relationship between clutch size and the distance of a breeding pond from alluvial forest, a typical wintering habitat. Despite existence at the site of many suitable reproduction habitats, the spoil bank does not offer the complex of all habitats needed for persistence of the R. dalmatina population. To protect that population, it is necessary to preserve not only breeding ponds on the spoil bank but also alluvial forest and, most importantly, the connectivity between these two crucial habitats.

4

Woda jako źródło rozprzestrzeniania gatunków Phytophthora w środowisku

Orlikowski L. B., Ptaszek M., Trzewik A., Orlikowska T., Wojtkowska M., Meszka B.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2012

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T. 12, z. 3

179-186

PL

Celem badań było określenie współzależności między stanem zdrowotnym roślin uprawianych pod osłonami i w szkółkach pojemnikowych, a występowaniem Phytophthora spp. w zbiornikach wodnych, z których pobierana jest woda do podlewania. Badania prowadzono przez cały rok w 4 obiektach pod osłonami i w 6 szkółkach pojemnikowych. Do wykrywania gatunków tego rodzaju użyto liści pułapkowych różanecznika (Rhododendron sp.) 'Nova Zembla'. W zbiornikach wodnych w szklarniach wykryto P. plurivora, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. tropicalis i P. lacustris, podczas gdy w szkółkach dodatkowo P. cambivora i P. cinnamomi. Mimo występowania P. cactorum, P. capsici i P. nicotianae var. nicotianae na porażonych roślinach, w zbiornikach wodnych nie stwierdzono tych gatunków. W wodzie w szklarniach najczęściej wykrywano P. plurivora, a w szkółkach tenże gatunek oraz P. cinnamomi i P. citrophthora.

EN

The aim of this study was to find the relationship between health status of crop plants grown in greenhouses and in nurseries and the presence of Phytophthora spp in water reservoirs used for plant watering. Studies were carried out during a year in 4 greenhouse objects and in 6 nurseries. Trap leaves of Rhododendron sp. 'Nova Zembla' were used to detect the study species. P. plurivora, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. tropicalis and P. lacustris were found in greenhouse reservoirs, while P. cambivora and P. cinnamomi were additionally noted in nurseries. Despite the occurrence of P. cactorum, P. capsici and P. nicotianae var. nicotianae on infested plants, these species were not found in water reservoirs. P. plurivora was noted most frequently in greenhouse reservoirs and the same species together with P. cinnamomi and P. citrophthora - in nurseries.

5

Can periodically drained ponds have any potential for terrestrial arthropods conservation? - a pilot survey of spiders

Tropek R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 3

635-639

EN

Periodical summer drying has been a common practice in fishponds management in many intensively used European landscapes. It was shown that these ephemeral biotopes are often colonised by endangered plant communities typical for riverine gravel beds. However, almost nothing is known about their conservation potential for terrestrial arthropods. Spiders at a periodically drained bottom of the Manovicky rybnik pond, western Czech Republic, were surveyed from May to September 2007 by pitfall-trapping, vegetation sweeping and individual collecting. Although just 25 spider species were found, several of them are considered as regionally important. Psammophilous Steatoda albomaculata (nationally nearly threatened) and xerothermophilous Tricca lutetiana are regionally very rare species occurring mainly in warmer areas; the Manovicky rybnik pond is only their second known locality in the study region. Hypsosinga heri and H. pygmaea, two recorded hygrophilous species, are regionally very rare species of colder, near-natural wetlands. The combination of several other hygrophilous and xerothermophilous species, caused by habitat diversity of extreme substrate conditions, forms the spider community at the site. Co-occurrence of these species and abiotic conditions was typical for periodically disturbed riverine gravel beds, an almost vanished habitat in Central Europe. The relatively broad habitat relations diversity of the species inhabiting this very small (1.5 ha) site and the occurrence of several regionally important species indicate that periodically drained pond bottoms could be important anthropogenic habitats for terrestrial arthropods conservation.

6

Cieki i zbiornik wodny jako potencjalne źródła Phytophthora spp.

Orilkowski L. B., Ptaszek M., Trzewik A., Orlikowska T.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2011

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T. 11, z. 3

153-160

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszych badań było występowanie Phytophthora spp. w rzece, kanale szkółkarskim, zbiorniku wodnym w szkółce oraz chorobotwórczość izolatów 4 gatunków tego rodzaju dla olszy i różanecznika. W 3 źródłach wody wykryto 7 gatunków Phytophthora oraz taxon Salixsoil. W rzece wykryto 5 gatunków, w tym P. cinnamomi i taxon Salixsoil, w kanale - 5, w zbiorniku wodnym - 4, w tym P. cambivora, nie notowanego w innych źródłach. Mniej gatunków wykrywano w I i IV kwartale, ale zawsze izolowano P. citricola. Wszystkie izolaty P. citricola i P. citrophthora kolonizowały liście olszy niezależnie od źródła wody i okresu ich detekcji. Spośród 3 gatunków, użytych do inokulacji liści różanecznika, istotnie najszybszym kolonizatorem okazał się P. cinnamomi.

EN

The subject of this study was the occurrence of Phytophthora spp. in a river, canal and water reservoir in forest nursery and the pathogenicity of 4 isolates of this genus to alder tree and rhododendron. Seven species of Phytophthora and the Salixsoil taxon were found in 3 water sources. There were 5 species in the river, including P. cinnamomi and the taxon Salixsoil, 5 species in the canal and 4 in the pond including P. cambivora not noted in other water sources. Less species were noted in the first and fourth quarter of a year but P. cambivora was always isolated. All isolates of P. citricola and P. citrophthora colonized alder leaves irrespective of water source and period of detection. From among 3 species used to inoculate rhododendron leaves, P. cinnamomi appeared the significantly fastest colonizer.

7

Migration of herb layer species into the poorest post-agricultural pine woods adjacent to ancient pine forests

Orczewska A., Fernes M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 1

75-85

EN

The recovery of species composition typical for ancient forests in recent woods is a very slow process and may last for decades or even centuries. It is enhanced only when postagricultural woods are adjacent to ancient ones. However, even in such a situation of the spatial contact of both forest types, colonization of recent woods by true forest species is a gradual process. According to studies focusing on the behaviour of individual species and their colonization rates into recent woods, it can be concluded that in more fertile habitats the migration process proceeds faster than on poorer sites. Thus, studies were conducted on light, acidic soils both in ancient and in adjoining post-agricultural pine woods (the Dicrano-Pinion Libb. 1933 alliance) and were focused on the process of the colonization of the herbaceous layer by woodland flora in recent woods. In eight transects 80 m in length perpendicular to the ancient/recent ecotone and consisting of 10 sample plots of 16 m2 laid out at intervals of 4 m, the percentage cover of herb layer species was recorded. The migration rates (based on the occurrence of the farthest individual and on the occurrence of the maximum cover of a species) for 12 forest species were calculated. The mean migration rate for all species reached 0.54 m yr[^-1] when based on maximum cover and 0.67 m yr[^-1] when based on the farthest individual and appeared to be lower than those reported in investigations in more fertile and moister habitats. The migration rates for individual species ranged from 0 to 1.21 m yr[^-1] and were also lower than in more fertile, black alder woodlands. The migration pattern of Vaccinium myrtillus L., the most abundant species in pine woods, fits the model based on the establishment of isolated individuals. The cover of most woodland species increased with the increasing age of a recent wood. Herb layer recovery on such sites is slower than in the more productive, fertile habitats of broadleaved forests. The ancient and recent pine woods investigated here differed in herb layer species composition despite the secondary succession having lasted for over 50-60 years.

8

Interrelations among con-generic and co-occurring tree species : asymmetric hybridization and the high success of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. regeneration in mixed Q. petraea/Q. robur L. stands

Boratyński A., Jasińska A., Iszkuło G., Marcysiak K., Lewandowska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 2

273-283

EN

Hybridisation and introgression are expected to be common in plant populations composed of various species of the same genera. These processes, however, frequently have one direction or are asymmetric, when one of hybridising species is a donor and other recipient of pollen. The asymmetric hybridisation may be also an important manner of migration by pollen. According to the theory of asymmetric hybridisation in mixed oak populations of European white oaks (Quercus robur and Q. petraea) the number of hybrid saplings should be higher under a canopy of Q. robur than under Q. petraea trees. The aim of this study was to determine, which of the two species in the mixed populations has a greater degree of success in regeneration and colonization, measured by the proportion and density of saplings and young individuals higher than 0.3 m. The taxonomic composition of saplings under the crown ranges of trees was analyzed on the basis of morphological characters of leaves in two distantly located mixed oak stands in Poland, in Jamy and Legnica Forests, where young generation to about 17-18 years old was observed under canopy of 125-140 years old mother trees. The first population is located about 100 km of Q. petraea geographic range and covers area of 6 km, the second about 500 km of Q. petraea range and covers more than 10 hectares. The density of 60 and 134 adult trees per hectare, were found in analysed populations, respectively. A significantly higher proportions of Q. petraea than Q. robur saplings were found in both compared stands. A hybrid saplings proportion were higher than hybrid adult trees. The hybrid saplings were observed more frequently under canopy of Q. robur only in the stand closer to the range of Q. petrea. Gene flow from Q. petraea to Q. robur by cross-pollination was found to be likely. The number of hybrid saplings found under crown projections of Q. petraea trees in both populations suggested also reverse gene flow, at least in the stand located close to the north-eastern limit of the Q. petraea range. A higher regeneration success of Q. petraea was observed in both stands suggesting expansion of this species.