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1 Kowalczyk R.

1 2009

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Gospodarcze aspekty rozwoju kolejnictwa w Królestwie Polskim do 1914 r.

Kowalczyk R.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2009

R. 54, nr 2

37-62

The railways had an enormous impact on the development of industry in the Kingdom of Poland. However, putting the first Warsaw-Wien railway line into service did not influence the economic situation in the Kingdom positively. Not before building the branch Ząbkowice-Szopienice-Katowice (1859), which connected Warsaw Industrial District with Zagłębie Dąbrowskie, it brought about the development of industry in the Kingdom. Having launched the Łódź Fabryczna railway line into service (1866), one could observe a dynamic increase of production in three main centres of industry of the Kingdom of Poland - in Łódź, and Industrial District of Sosnowiec and Częstochowa. The fact of establishing the Warsaw and Petersburg (1862), Warsaw andTerespol (1866 - 1870), Moscow and Brześć (1872), and Kiev and Brześć (1873) railway lines opened a receptive Russian market for industry of the Kingdom of Poland. Since the nineties of the 19th century till the Russian Empire was exported from about 60 to 90 % of production including textile trade, metal and mechanical industry, metallurgic and pit-coal branch. A bad influence on the development of the railway system in the Kingdom had Russian strategic principles. Finally, many regions till 1914 were not permitted to build any railway lines. So it influenced their economic development negatively. Economic situation of many regions was strongly determined with building narrow-gauge railways. It was caused by a disapproval of introducing broad-gauge railways. However, it was possible after 1900, when the authorities of a province and not of the Ministry of Transport began to give permission to do that. Among others, it happened in the case of the railways of Kujawy, Lubelszczyzna and agglomeration of Warsaw and Łódź (in the neighbourhood of Łódź the narrow-gauge railways were replaced with tramways).