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Knitted Meshes for Reinforcing Building Composites

Mikołajczyk Zbigniew, Pieklak Katarzyna, Roszak Aleksandra

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2019

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Vol. 27, no. 4 (136)

102--111

EN

Modern technical textiles, including knitted fabrics, are widely used in the construction industry. Regarding textiles in concrete reinforcement, methods based on shredded fibres, meshes, reinforcing mats, woven textiles and knitted DOS tapes are frequently used as underlays of concrete constructions. Textiles are also used in the reinforcement of fibrous FRP composites. The research presented focused on producing composites made of Mapei Mapefill concrete mass with reinforcement in the form of three variants of knitted meshes made of 228 tex polyamide threads, polypropylene threads of 6.3 tex and 203 tex glass threads, as well as identification of their mechanical properties. The mesh variant made of glass fibre is especially noteworthy, as its strength is more than three times higher than that of polyamide meshes. At the same time, a very small relative elongation of 3% is observed for this variant of knitted fabric, which is a desired property regarding the comparatively low stretching extension of concrete. In the process of making the composites, the adhesion of the concrete mass to the surface of the threads was analyzed. For this purpose, a “Sopro HE449” type agent was used. Composite beams were subjected to a three-point bending strength analysis on a testing machine. The results of strength measurements of the composites obtained prove that those with glass fibres demonstrate a threefold increase in strength compared to the original concrete beam.

PL

Nowoczesne tekstylia techniczne, w tym tekstylia dziane mają szerokie zastosowanie w budownictwie. Odnośnie tekstyliów w zbrojeniu betonu można zauważyć, iż stosowane są metody wykorzystujące rozdrobnione włókna, siatki i maty zbrojeniowe, struktury taśm tekstylnych tkanych i dzianych DOS w podklejaniu konstrukcji betonowych. Tekstylia stosuje się także w zbrojeniach kompozytów włóknistych FRP. W programie zaprezentowanych badań założono wytworzenie i zidentyfikowanie właściwości mechanicznych kompozytów zbudowanych z masy betonowej Mapefill firmy Mapei ze wzmocnieniem w postaci trzech wariantów dzianych siatek zbrojeniowych z nitek z włókien poliamidowych 228 tex, polipropylenowych 6,3 tex i szklanych 203 tex. Na uwagę zasługuje wariant siatki z włóknemn szklanym, dla którego wytrzymałość jest ponad trzykrotnie większa w porównaniu do struktur siatek poliamidowych. Jednocześnie dla tego wariantu dzianiny występuje bardzo małe wydłużenie względne w wysokości 3%, co jest korzystną cechą w odniesieniu do porównywalnie niskiego wydłużenia rozciągającego beton. W procesie wytwarzania kompozytów przeanalizowano adhezję masy betonowej do powierzchni nitek z zastosowaniem środka typu „Sopro HE449”. Belki kompozytowe poddano analizie wytrzymałościowej na zginanie trójpunktowe na maszynie wytrzymałościowej. Otrzymane wyniki pomiarów wytrzymałości kompozytów świadczą, iż kompozyt z udziałem włókna szklanego daje trzykrotny wzrost wytrzymałości w stosunku do wyjściowej belki betonowej.

2

Knitting Technologies And Tensile Properties Of A Novel Curved Flat-Knitted Three-Dimensional Spacer Fabrics

Li X., Jiang G., Nie X., Ma P., Gao Z.

Autex Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 15, no. 3

191--197

EN

This paper introduces a knitting technique for making innovative curved three-dimensional (3D) spacer fabrics by the computer flat-knitting machine. During manufacturing, a number of reinforcement yarns made of aramid fibres are inserted into 3D spacer fabrics along the weft direction to enhance the fabric tensile properties. Curved, flat-knitted 3D spacer fabrics with different angles (in the warp direction) were also developed. Tensile tests were carried out in the weft and warp directions for the two spacer fabrics (with and without reinforcement yarns), and their stress–strain curves were compared. The results showed that the reinforcement yarns can reduce the fabric deformation and improve tensile stress and dimensional stability of 3D spacer fabrics. This research can help the further study of 3D spacer fabric when applied to composites.

3

Mass customisation of flat knitted fashion products: simulation of the co-design process

Peterson J., Larsson J., Mujanovic M., Mattila H.

Autex Research Journal

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2011

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Vol. 11, no. 1

6--13

EN

In 1995, the Japanese manufacturer Shima Seiki introduced the first complete garment knitting machine capable of producing a ready-made flat knitted article under the trade name WholeGarment. Recently , the comp any also developed a co-design software tool, Ordermade WholeGarment®, for the customisation of knitted fashion garments. Factory Boutique Shima, their retail shop for on-demand production of customised knitted garments, makes it possible for client s to modify a knitted garment according to personal taste in style, colour , pattern and size. This study examines how such a process streamlines the interaction between customer and shop personnel, while expediting the programming of the knitting machine. In comparing the manual co-design process with the Ordermade WholeGarment® system, we used a computer simulation to analyse the efficiency and lead times of each concept. The case study method was employed with an inductive approach based on company visits and interviews.

4

Production and business methods in the integral knitting supply chain

Peterson J., Ekwall D.

Autex Research Journal

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2007

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Vol. 7, no. 4

264--274

EN

Over the last 20 years there has been a dramatic technical development of machines and software in the production of knitted fashion garments. This development has made it possible to rationalise design and production of knitted garments so that today it is possible to make a knitted garment, almost ready made, directly in the knitting machine, with a minimum of processes, such as cutting and sewing. The objective of this paper is to explain and give examples of how this new knitting production technology could be implemented in a fast fashion logistic system. The method for this paper is an inductive approach based on a literature survey. The new technical achievements have not meant the great breakthrough that was expected. Why? Many companies moved their production to development countries where the costs ofproduction, mainly labour costs are lower than in western countries. Another reason is that it is not enough to invest in new machinery and then use the machines in the same production system as before. To gain the benefits of this technique the production processes in the company have to be changed and adapted to these new conditions. The lack of knowledge in supply chain design and a one-sided perspective on production costs, instead of a customer orientated one, is one explanation. This, in a business (fashion) where the demand is changing day-by-day and the short time to market is vital to a company's ability to be competitive. This article describes the integral and complete garment knitting techniques and the advantages that they open up, both from a logistics and a technical point of view. An integral knitted whole garment technology, implemented and adjusted to the production and business system in a company, can reduce lead times dramatically and respond quickly to the rapidly changing fashion market.

5

A study of the degree of breakage of glass filament yarns during the weft knitting process

Hu H., Zhu M.

Autex Research Journal

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2005

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Vol. 5, no. 3

141--148

EN

In this paper, the degree of breakage of glass filament yarns during the weft knitting process is studied. A quantitative method used for assessing the degree of glass filament breakage is proposed, and the effects of different factors such as cam setting, knitted structures and yarn parameters are analysed. The experimental results show that an optimum cam setting exists at which the degree of filament breakage is minimum.