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Piotrowicz K.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

2000

Z. 3-4

261-278

This paper tries to classify in detail the ways of defining seasons. The seasons, most generally can be divided into: astronomic, climatologic, meteorologic, phonologic and within subgroups: meteo-rologic with calendar, thermic with aeroclimatic, bioclimatic and synoptical within the climatologic group, as well as fito- and zoophenological within the phonological group. The oldest divisions of the year onto particular seasons had their root in the changes of the Earth's location in relation to the Sun. Until now, the division into astronomical season has been very common. In meteorology and climatology it may seem more proper to adopt the division into four seasons and to define their limits as three full months, i.e. quarters (meteorological seasons). Unfortunately in detailed clima-tological analyses, it is not enough to divide the year into four equal periods, especially in Polish climate, due to its locations on the boundary of collisions of continental and oceanic air masses. In this climate, a good way is to fix the dates of the commencement and the end of particular periods on the basis of different meteorological elements, e.g. air temperature (thermic seasons), atmos-pherical circulation (circulation or synoptical seasons) or the whole mixture (climatologic seasons).