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1

Uproszczony opis kinetyki spalania metanu w powietrzu w pobliżu punktu stechiometrycznego w odniesieniu do strumienia molowego

Kędzior R., Grzesiak D., Popławski D., Hałat A., Głowiński J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2015

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T. 94, nr 6

948-951

PL

Przedstawiono uproszczony opis kinetyczny spalania metanu w powietrzu w pobliżu punktu stechiometrycznego po stronie mieszanek ubogich w paliwo. Bazując na wynikach symulacji spalania metanu, wyznaczono parametry proponowanych równań kinetycznych.

EN

The model of Warnatz mechanismus of the reaction and a com. computer program were used to simulate the combustion of MeH-air mixts. (MeH content 9.14–9.50% by vol.) to est. the parameters of the reaction kinetic equations.

2

Modelowanie transportu elektronów w kwantowych laserach kaskadowych

Kolek A.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2014

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Vol. 55, nr 11

18-26

PL

W artykule omówiono metody modelowania obszaru aktywnego struktury kwantowego lasera kaskadowego. Na przykładzie struktury lasera, emitującego w zakresie średniej podczerwieni, wskazano analogie i różnice między obrazem transportu elektronowego wynikające z analizy z użyciem m.in. najprostszego modelu równań kinetycznych, metody macierzy gęstości oraz najbardziej zaawansowanym modelem bazującym na formalizmie nierównowagowych funkcji Greena. Uzupełnieniem ww. metod jest metoda Monte Carlo, w której możliwe jest m.in. uwzględnienie rozproszeń elektron-elektron oraz rozproszeń międzydolinowych.

EN

In the paper, the modeling methods of active region of quantum cascade laser (QCL) structure are reviewed. For QCL structure, emitting in the mid-infrared range, the similarities and the differences between electron transport image resulting from (i) the simplest rate equations model, (ii) the density matrix method, and (iii) the most advanced model based on nonequilibrium Green’s formalism are discussed. The Monte Carlo method, which benefits from including electron-electron, electron-photon, and intervalleys scatterings, is also considered.

3

Dusty plasmas vs. multicomponent plasmas

Ratynskaia S.

Nukleonika

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2012

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Vol. 57, No. 2

307-312

EN

Different approaches employed for dusty plasmas, ranging from single particle description (valid for low dust densities) to models appropriate in the presence of dense dusty clouds, are briefly reviewed. For environments with high dust density, a selection of examples is provided to elucidate phenomena arising in dusty plasmas when the effects of absorption of plasma particles on the dust surfaces and dust charge fluctuations are of importance and cannot be neglected.

4

Synthetic wastewater biodegradation - description of reaction kinetics in classical expression and with the application of artificial intelligence methods

Tal-Figiel B., Połomska-Siuta A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko

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2004

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R. 101, z. 9-Ś

107--113

EN

The article presents biological reactions, e.g. the organic wastewater purification process in the highly effective oxygen-free UASB type reactor. Here are applied various simplifications in the form of microorganism growth models. In the research Monod's, Moser's Andrews' and Edwards' kinetic models are considered, solving equations with classical methods and neural network methods.

PL

W artykule omówiono kinetykę reakcji biodegradacji ścieków syntetycznych w reaktorze typu UASB. Rozwiązania modeli kinetycznych opisujących kinetykę reakcji metodami klasycznymi (Monod, Andrews i in.) zostały porównane z rozwiązaniami uzyskanymi za pomocą sieci neuronowej.

5

Principles of bone remodelling - the limit cycles of bone remodelling

Petrtyl M., Danešová J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2001

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Vol. 3, nr 1

75-91

EN

The bone tissue remodelling is a relatively slow process. In physiologically "normal" conditions, it tends towards the state of remodelling equilibrium. In the state of final remodelling equilibrium, the strain energy reaches its minimum. In the life of each human being, the bone tissue passes through the repeating limit cycles of its development, functioning and destruction. The paper presented is aimed at the biomechanochemical processes within one limit cycle of bone remodelling using the stoichiometric equations and kinetic equations. Each limit cycle of the bone tissue remodelling (in its assumed volume element) consists of several stages, in which the biochemical reactions are proceeding in a highly intensive way, and of several periods in which the tissue is in weakly steady states (i.e.. the biochemical reactions are very slow or they almost do not take place). Generally, throughout the life of a human, a bone tissue is several times in the principal weakly steady state, i.e., in such a state in which the long-term remodelling equilibrium is reached. This period lasts for several years (roughly for 6-8 years) in the life of an adult human in his/her productive age, while in the life of a child this period is shorter. Figuratively speaking, the stages of the bone tissue remodelling (during one limit cycle) can be compared to the tissue "childhood and maruraiion" (i.e., n stage of remodelling - apposition of the tissue), and "aging-demise" (I stage of remodelling - resorption). One limit cycle of the bone tissue life (out of the series of the subsequent periodic limit cycles) that is characterized by the bone tissue development, functioning and destruction (in the unit volume element) can be synoptically, and in the real time, described by four stages. The limit cycle is a close trajectory of solution of kinetic equations of bone remodelling. The bone tissue (in its unit volume element) passes through the repeating harmonic limit cycles (i.e., the stable periodic processes) of its development and destruction.

6

Bone remodeling and bone adaptation

Petrtyl M., Danesova J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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1999

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Vol. 1, nr 1

107-116

EN

Bone remodelling is a very complicated process that can be characterised as close relationship of biomechnical effects and biomechanical reactions. It is not possible to give an exact definition of the bone remodeling if we take into consideration the aspects related merely to biomechanics or to biochemistry. Biomechanical processes in a remodelled bone tissue depend on the dominant force and moment effects or on the stress and strain state of the tissue. The stress (strain) tensors initiate and govern the rate of biochemical remodelling processes. The paper presented deals with fundamental stoichiometric equations of bone remodelling, kinetic equations of remodelling and rate constants of remodelling. The rates of bone remodelling depend on mechanical effects or on stress (strain) tensors. The spherical stress tensor controls the rate of biomechanical remodelling reactions, while the deviator of a stress (strain) tensor initiates biomechanical reactions. The micro-strains cause the flow of a liquid in the extra-celluar space of osteocytes and initiate the receptor activity of integrins A,B, The micro-strains of a mineralised matrix and the flow of an extra-cellular liquid result, for example in the production of prostaglandin E2 and in the subsquent resorption of a bone tissue.