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Digitization as one of the methods of assessing the number and distribution of small water bodies

Golus Włodzimierz, Markowski Maciej

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2025

Vol. 54, No. 2

109--123

Small water bodies (ponds) are a widespread component of the landscape; however, their exact number is often estimated by their small size, temporal variability, or being invisible due to dense vegetation cover. Their distribution is typically assessed through the analysis of aerial and satellite imagery. Nevertheless, a more traditional but labor-intensive approach—manual digitization from topographic maps—has been considered highly precise. In an area of 12 400 km2 in northern Poland, nearly 32 000 ponds were digitized, with their occurrence strongly linked to geomorphological units. While they are most abundant in moraine plateaus, ponds are present across all post-glacial landscapes. Additionally, the authors observed that although pond distribution appears largely random, some exhibit distinct spatial patterns, forming linear chains or clustered groups.

Distribution of small, water - filled depressions as a component of the analysis of icesheet retreat dynamics in young glacial areas

Pieńkowski P.

Landform Analysis

2008

Vol. 6

41--46

The young glacial landscape of the nonhern Europe features numerous post-glacial structures, including drainless relief depressions which are usually filled with ater and are called ponds or kettle holes. Their prestence in Western Pomerania is associated mainly with a zonal arrangement of glacial forms related 10 the retreating icesheet front. Distribution of kettle holes was analysed in a region where their density is highly variable. The study covered mainly the Wełtyń Plateau, the Myślibórz. Lakeland, and the northern part of the Gorzów Plateau. About 11 thousand kettle holes smaller than 1.0 ha, marked on the late 19th century 1:25,000 topographic maps, were included in the analysis. The analysis of the kettle hole distribution, conducted with the aid of GIS software and spatial analysis statistics, demonstrates that the distribution of kettle hole dusters, the shape of the surrounding vegetation patches, and the kettle hole duster alingment may be important components of the retreat reconstruction. The elements mentioned, when factored in the analysis, may contribute to, i.a., understanding of the direction of the ice movement and the sequence of the icesheet front ranges.