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Morphology and selected properties of kenaf fiber/cornhusk reinforced corn starch hybrid biocomposites

Hazrol M. D., Sapuan S. M., Ilyas R. A., Zainudin E. S., Zuhri M. Y. M., Abdul Wahab N. I.

Polimery

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 11-12

575--587

EN

The study examined the effect of the cornhusk fibers (CHF) content on the structure, physical, mechanical and water barrier properties of composites obtained on the basis of corn starch (CS) and kenaf fiber (KF), used in the amount of 6 wt%. Sorbitol in the amount of 30 wt% was used as a plasticizer. Hybrid biocomposite films were obtained using the solution casting technique. The addition of CHF reduced the water absorption and solubility of the film in water. Increasing the CHF content in the composite resulted in greater film thickness, weight and density. Thanks to good biocompatibility (FESEM) the composites showed higher tensile strength and Young’s modulus. However, elongation at break was lower. FTIR results confirmed the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the matrix and the fibers. The best properties were obtained at 6 wt% CHF content.

PL

W pracy zbadano wpływ zawartości włókien z łusek kukurydzy (CHF) na strukturę, właściwości fizyczne, mechaniczne i barierowe dla wody kompozytów otrzymanych na bazie skrobi kukurydzianej (CS) i włókna kenaf (KF), stosowanego w ilości 6% mas. Jako plastyfikator użyto sorbitol w ilości 30% mas. Folie biokompozytów hybrydowych otrzymywano techniką odlewania z roztworu. Dodatek CHF zmniejszał absorpcję wody i rozpuszczalność folii w wodzie. Zwiększenie zawartości CHF w kompozycie skutkowało większą grubością, gramaturą i gęstością folii. Dzięki dobrej biozgodności (FESEM) kompozyty wykazały większą wytrzymałość na rozciąganie oraz moduł Younga. Jednak wydłużenie przy zerwaniu było mniejsze. Wyniki FTIR potwierdziły obecność międzycząsteczkowych wiązań wodorowych między osnową polimerową i włóknami. Najlepsze właściwości uzyskano przy zawartości 6% mas. CHF.

2

Investigation of glass fiber influence on mechanical characteristics of natural fiber reinforced poliester composites : an experimental and numerical approach

Mohapatra Deepak Kumar, Deo Chitta Ranjan, Mishra Punyapriya

Composites Theory and Practice

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2022

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R. 22, nr 3

123--129

EN

In the past few decades, natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites have gained significant importance for various structural applications in different sectors like the automotive, aerospace, sports and building construction industries. However, hybridizations make the composite more versatile in term of strength, weight and its processing for many engineering applications. In the current study, a polyester resin matrix was reinforced with two different natural fibers, namely kenaf and palmyra palm leaf stalk (PPLS) and hybridized with glass fiber. Four layers of two different fiber mats, kenaf/glass and PPLS/glass with different stacking sequences were employed to fabricated laminates by the hand lay-up technique. In this case, an attempt was made using the numerical approach to investigate the influence of glass fiber on the mechanical characteristics of the laminates. To substantiate the results of the numerical approach, experiments were conducted. Enhancement of both the tensile and flexural strength was observed due to hybridization of both the kenaf and PPLS fiber with glass fiber. The tensile and flexural strength improved by 68.91 and 37.63% respectively when the kenaf fiber was hybridized with glass fiber. Similarly, enhancement of 54.42% of the tensile strength and 15.92% of the flexural strength were noticed when the PPLS fiber was hybridized with glass fiber. Through the use of ANSYS software, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed as a simulation method to examine the tensile and flexural strength. The numerical findings were found to be quite close to the experimental results, with a variation of less than 3%.

3

Heavy Metals Capture from Water Sludge by Kenaf Fibre Activated Carbon in Batch Adsorption

Saeed Anwar Ameen Hezam, Harun Noorfidza Yub, Zulfani Neisha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

102--115

EN

The Malaysia’s wastewater treatment plant has yet to find an environmentally alternative for the sludge treatment before disposal. In majority of cases, the sludge containing a high amount of heavy metals including Fe, Ti, Mn, Zn, As, Cu, Ni, Zr, and Ga, is disposed to the environment through landfill. The recovery of valuable materials such as manganese from the sludge is an alternative path towards zero dumpings of schedule waste as well as a way of reducing the possible pollutant release to the environment. It can be achieved through adsorption, as it provides a cheap yet flexible, method which is simple and easy to implement. Kenaf derived from Hibiscus cannabis was proven as a good adsorbent material for the heavy metals recovery. This project aims at utilizing Kenaf fiber as activated carbon to recover heavy metals from wastewater sludge in batch adsorption. The adsorbent surface area and pore characteristics and elemental analysis were observed under adsorbent characterization. The effect of contact time, sludge pH and temperature to the removal efficiency was investigated. The adsorption isotherm was also studied. The result showed that the developed kenaf activated carbon is a promising adsorbent which might be used for some heavy metals. From batch adsorption study, it was observed that KFAC is able to remove an average 30% of the heavy metal element from the sludge. It was also found that the best removal is achieved in a neutral pH solution, increasing the contact time will increase the equilibrium uptake, while the increasing temperature will increase the percent removal of heavy metals. It was concluded that the Kenaf based activated carbon can be used for the recovery of heavy metals from the wastewater sludge through batch adsorption.

4

Biokompozyty na osnowie termoplastycznej skrobi lub mieszaniny polilaktydu ze skrobią napełniane włóknami naturalnymi

Kuciel S., Liber-Kneć A., Zajchowski S.

Polimery

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2009

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T. 54, nr 10

747-753

PL

Wytworzono kompozyty polimerowe nowej generacji na osnowie termoplastycznej skrobi kukurydzianej (BGS) lub ziemniaczanej (S2 i S3) albo mieszaniny polilaktydu ze skrobią (GBR), z napełniaczami naturalnymi (mączką drzewną bądź włóknami kenafu), przetwarzalne metodą wtryskiwania. Scharakteryzowano (metodą SEM) stopień homogenizacji biokompozytów oraz chłonność wody w funkcji czasu moczenia w niej. Oceniono podstawowe statyczne i dynamiczne właściwości mechaniczne jak również przetwórcze omawianych materiałów a także zbadano wpływ temperatury i czasu moczenia w wodzie (do 90 dni) na ich cechy wytrzymałościowe. Stwierdzono, że biokompozyty wykazują duży moduł sprężystości i dobrą odporność na działanie długotrwałych obciążeń, co wskazuje na możliwość ich zastosowania na wyroby techniczne.

EN

The polymer composites of new generation, consisting of thermoplastic corn starch (BGS) or potato starch (S2 and S3) or blend of polylactide with starch (GBR) filled with natural fillers (wood flour or kenaf fibers, Table 1), for injection molding processing, were prepared. The degree of homogenization of biocomposite was characterized by SEM method (Fig. 1-4). Water absorption versus soaking time (Fig. 5, 6) was also determined. The basic static and dynamic mechanical properties and processing properties of the materials discussed were evaluated. The effects of temperature and soaking time (in water) up to 90 days on the strength properties were studied as well (Table 2, Fig. 7-12). It was found that biocomposites showed high modulus of elasticity and good resistance to long-term loading, pointing to possibility of their applications as technical products.