Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Finansowanie kosztów zapobiegania i adaptacji do zmian klimatu

Dubel A.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2016

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nr 3

100--110

EN

Mitigating climate change ultimately contributes to reducing the costs of adaptation. Expenditures on adaptation are diverse in terms of geographical distribution and they are usually incurred to adapt to climate change or prevent their negative effects, such as natural disasters. These expenditures must be distinguished from expenses to cover disasters’ losses. From the social justice point of view, it is important who bears the costs, who contributes to the additional costs and who benefits from climate change. The paper analyses and compares sources of financing of the costs of climate change adaptation and mitigation, to determine the share of individual actors in their performance. The conducted literature review helped in identifying the sources of financing of these costs. The possibilities of growth of adaptation financing need in the face of climate change predictions, and the ability to finance the rising costs, including new ways of financing, were also analysed.

2

System finansowania strat ludności po zdarzeniach katastroficznych w świetle badań empirycznych

Kułakowska-Bicz A.

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2011

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Nr 41

167--180

PL

Katastrofy naturalne wywołane siłami natury to wydarzenia nieuchronne, a straty wynikłe po ich wystąpieniu są znaczne. Dla wielu osób zamieszkujących obszary podwyższonego ryzyka wystąpienie zagrożenia naturalnego często kończy się utratą dorobku całego życia. Dlatego też autor, opierając się na badaniach empirycznych związanych z ubezpieczeniem osób fizycznych od zdarzeń o charakterze katastroficznym lub klęski żywiołowej, włącza się do dyskusji na temat stworzenia rozwiązania systemowego, niosącego niezwłoczną pomoc finansową poszkodowanym.

EN

Natural disasters are caused by natural forces and there are imminent events and largely unpredictable. For individual households, it can mean the loss or damage to real estate or/and personal property. This gives special importance of property insurance system to compensate for the loss after the catastrophic event. The aim of this study was to diagnose the state of property insurance in society. The study refers to persons from various Polish regions. The research tool was a questionnaire contained open questions provided some suggestions in response. Surveys was realized on the turn of 2009/2010 year. Insurances seen as one element of state security management, are a good example of a transfer of funds to compensate for losses resulting from catastrophic events. At present, the system of compulsory insurance covers only the agricultural sector and does not cover other sectors of the state economy. In case of introduction of the obligatory insurance system for all subjects, it would move the burden of aid for victim of disaster to the insurance companies. With clear and understandable procedures for these companies they would in a more efficient and faster way give guidance assistance for the reconstruction property from the devastation. Such view has great reason to built security system, which should contribute the state administration bodies, institutions and private subjects and individual persons.

3

Geofizyka w inżynierii i ochronie środowiska

Zuberek W. M.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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2009

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T. 35, z. 2/1

421-428

EN

The main goals of geophysics have been considered in following areas: - prediction and prevention of natural catastrophes and mitigation of their impact, - detection, location and monitoring of contaminated areas and goals related to their reclamation, - goals related to the safety of large and important structures and constructions, - goals related to safe deposition, storage and monitoring of dangerous wastes and toxic materials, - application of geophysical methods and observations to obtain "clean" and renewable energy, - detection, location and dating of archeological materials and monuments of cultural heritage. Due to the great importance of prediction in environmental engineering and protection, its possibilities and limitations have been considered separately.