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2 Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2 2014

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W kierunku komplementarnej koncepcji nowego atlasu narodowego Polski

Śleszyński P.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2014

T. 46, nr 1

5--14

Artykuł zawiera opis działań podejmowanych w ostatnich dwóch latach, związanych z próbą wydania nowego atlasu narodowego Polski, w tym proponowane założenia wydawnicze. Przedstawiono historię prac organizacyjnych oraz koncepcję, starającą się dla osiągnięcia różnych celów (naukowych, edukacyjnych, prestiżowych itd.) łączyć różne formy wydawnicze atlasu, którą z tego powodu nazwano komplementarną. Wydaje się być ona kompromisem między stanem wiedzy, intencjami i pomysłami środowisk naukowych, a możliwościami technicznymi oraz organizacyjno-finansowymi.

After the Atlas of Republic of Poland (Atlas Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) appeared in 1997, several initiatives aiming to build on its scientific success took place. In 2001, the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization of Polish Academy of Sciences published the Computer Atlas of Poland (Komputerowy Atlas Polski), and later, in 2002-2003 three detailed versions of a new national atlas were prepared for publication, but never finalized. In autumn of 2011, there appeared an idea of publishing a new national atlas for the centennial of Poland's regaining its independence, 1918-2018 (P. Sleszyiiski, 2011). Considering all previous experience and conditioning, the idea of the atlas has to be approached more pragmatically in the next few years, from the point of view of science, financing and organization. Various publication forms proposed by different circles should not compete with one another. The strongest advantages of each form should be used preserving their scientific value. From the point of view of complexity, generalization, knowledge synthesis and the level of content the best form is the traditional "paper" atlas, comprising a well-considered set of maps. However, from the point of view of quantity and variety of contained information as well as the ways and forms of its syste-matization and presentation - the best possibilities are provided by a digital version (DVD, CD-ROM) and a website (thematic website, geoportal). Scientific, educational, prestige-related, practical and other goals should be realized with the help of most adequate means. This concept may be labeled as complementary. It can be realized in terms of science (ensuring a wide take on thematic problems in a variety of ways), education (transfer of scientific knowledge and cartographic methods of varying complexity to different user groups), organization (involving various institutions with their unique experience), usability (reaching a variety of user groups), prestige and financing-marketing. The most important, scientific objective can best be reached with a basic, exemplary and "prestigious" cartographic elaboration in a traditional printed book-plate form. Next should be a multimedia atlas in "Scandinavian" convention, broadening some notions otherwise impossible to be presented in the "paper" form, especially 3D imaging (e.g. DTM). It would attain mainly educational goals and provide access to often complex scientific knowledge to a lay user. Simultaneously, a cartographical website could be created (probably as yet another national geoportal) containing updated and more detailed problems, especially socio-economic in character, allowing for the creation of one's own maps on the basis of socio-economic data and ensuring a high interactivity. The website could satisfy the need for an up-to-date, comprehensive and professional knowledge about the area of the country. The presented concept aims at a compromise between the knowledge, intentions and ideas of the scientific circles on the one hand and technical and organizational-financial possibilities on the other.

Porównanie formy i struktury tematycznej wybranych europejskich atlasów narodowych

Ostrowski W., Ostrowski J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2014

T. 46, nr 1

15--33

W związku ze staraniami o wydanie nowego atlasu narodowego Polski i perspektywą wykorzystania doświadczeń innych krajów przy jego opracowaniu, autorzy wybrali i przeanalizowali pięć opublikowanych w ostatnim ćwierćwieczu atlasów państw europejskich: Szwecji, Hiszpanii, Niemiec, Ukrainy i Rosji oraz w celach porównawczych także Atlas Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z lat 1993-1997. Porównano ich formę edytorską, udział map, diagramów, fotografii i tekstów, przede wszystkim zaś strukturę tematyczną oraz wyróżniono charakterystyczne indywidualne cechy, a wyniki badań zestawiono w tabeli i unaoczniono w formie diagramów. W podsumowaniu zwrócono uwagę na zaobserwowane w tej dziedzinie tendencje oraz problemy, przed jakimi stoją twórcy współczesnych atlasów narodowych.

For over ten years now, attempts to publish a new up-to-date national atlas have been made in Poland. When preparing the concept for the atlas, it is reasonable to base it not only on our own experience (two such atlases have been published so far, one in the years 1973-1978 and one in 1993-1997), but also on the experience of other countries where in recent years some worth noting outstanding national atlases have been published. Having this in mind, the authors have selected and analyzed in detail five atlases of European countries published after 1990 and compared them with the last national atlas of Poland. The following atlases have been selected for analysis: the atlas of Sweden (1990-1996, 12 English version volumes), the atlas of Spain (1995-1999, 5 volumes), Germany (2000-2006, 12 volumes), Ukraine (2007, 1 volume), Russia (2004-2008, 4 volumes) and additionally the Atlas of the Republic of Poland, 1993-1997, a set of loose sheets in a case). The following features have been picked out for comparison: volume, editorial form, percentage contents of maps, diagrams and texts. Characteristic original topics and solutions have been emphasized and illustrated with examples of maps (fig. 1-5). Most importantly, the structure of contents has been analyzed and compared in detail and divided into five basic thematic units: general issues, history, natural environment, population and settlement, and economy. In some atlases also the summarizing chapter has been analyzed. The research results have been put together in table 1 and shown in the form of diagrams (fig. 6-9). Tendencies present in this domain as well as the problems which authors of contemporary national atlases face have been indicated in the conclusion. Thematic structure of atlases reflects various types of conditioning, environmental as well as historical, political and social. For instance the large share of historical maps in the National Atlas of Russia results from the particular attention which Russians pay to history as a basis for patriotic and civic upbringing. This tradition is also reflected in the large share of historical issues in the Atlas of Ukraine. On the other hand, omission of historical issues from the National Atlas of Germany may perhaps reflect a tendency to renounce the country's infamous history of the first half of the 20th century. Unlike the atlases of Western Europe (Spain, Germany), those of East European countries (Russia, Ukraine) present more characteristics of natural environment than economic issues. It reflects some significant limitations of development of economic and social geography in the Soviet Union which resulted from restricted access to source statistical data and inability to fully and ob¬jectively present research results. Comparative analysis of selected national atlases not only made it possible to determine variations and tendencies in the structure of contents and form of atlases, but also to determine problems arising during the development of the concept of a national atlas. The following tendencies were observed: increased number of diagrams, graphs, photographs and extensive texts placed in atlases, higher share of social and cultural issues of everyday importance, and a comprehensive approach to presented issues which often alters the traditional form of atlases (e.g. the atlases of Germany and Sweden). Three conceptual problems emerged from the analysis: 1) how to present complex issues in a possibly accessible way (importance of explanations), 2) to what extent regional approach can be applied (e.g. city maps, maps of protected areas) and 3) how to present the history of a particular country: in a separate section or together with the presentation of specific issues.