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Human impact on physical and chemical properties of springs from Cracow - Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland)

Galas J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2005

Vol. 53, nr 3

329-341

The water chemistry, granulometric composition and organic matter content of the sediments in 25 springs of the Cracow-Częstochowa Uplands (Southern Poland) were studied. The springs (range of discharge: 0.01-1440 l s-1) were cool with almost constant temperature (7-10°C), and the content of calcium, SO4 and oxygen saturation were also fairly constant throughout the year. Springs from the northern region differed in pH and discharge from springs from the southern region of the Uplands. Average nutrient contents were high (4.1 mg NH4 dm-3, 7.5 mg NO3 dm-3, 1.04 mg PO4 dm-3) in those springs which are under the influence of human impact (i.e. local source pollution from farms and agriculture management). The sediments in the springs of the southern part of the Upland were mostly silt, containing 4% of organic matter (dry weight), while the sand fraction, with a low (0.9%) organic matter content dominated in substrates of the northern Upland springs.