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Spatio-temporal variation of karst spring parameters for characterizing of the aquifer system of Watuputih Area, Indonesia

Setiawan Taat, Syah Alam Boy Y.C.S.S., Haryono Eko, Hendarmawan

Journal of Water and Land Development

2020

no. 45

143--156

There are several springs with the large discharge around the Watuputih Karst Hills area that playing a crucial role in supplying water for both domestic and irrigation needs. The springs are located in the fault and fold zones of the Rembang anticlinorium system. This study was designed to determine the characteristics of karst aquifers from one year of monthly spatio-temporal data on discharge parameters and physico-chemical properties (temperature, pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–) of the four major springs, namely Brubulan Tahunan, Sumbersemen, Brubulan Pesucen, and Sendang Sayuran. It used statistical calculations to characterize spring discharge and hydrochemical variations, as well as bivariate correlation analysis and flow-duration curve (FDC). The variability index (Iv), variability (V), and spring coefficient of variation parameters (SCVP) classified Brubulan Tahunan and Sumbersemen as springs producing stable, fairly constant discharge with low variations but characterized Brubulan Pesucen as having unstable, varying discharge with moderate variations. The results showed gently sloping hydrograph, low variations in discharge and hydrochemical properties, a relatively prolonged response of discharge and CO2-H2O-CaCO3 interaction to rainfall, and slope changes in the FDC. In other terms, although the springs are controlled by faults and folds, they have diffuse groundwater storage system in the form of densely fractured and porous media. These findings also indicate a less developed interconnected conduit, although Brubulan Pesucen is relatively more developed than Sumbersemen and Brubulan Tahunan. The geological structure and hydraulic gradient formed between the groundwater recharge and discharge areas are proven to control the amount of spring discharge actively.

Polska w projekcie World Karst Aquifer Mapping Project (WOKAM)

Różkowski J., Grabala D., Polonius A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

2015

Vol. 63, nr 10/2

1042--1046

The article presents World Karst Aquifer Mapping Project (WOKAM). The goal of this project, implemented in 2012– 2015, is to establish the first karst aquifer world map, presenting karst aquifers, most important water intakes, karst springs and caves. Selection criteria of the karstic objects were discussed in the paper. Database, created on their basis covering the area of Poland, includes: 17 water intakes (extracting mainly from the Triassic carbonate aquifer of Silesian – Kraków monocline), 7 springs (including 5 vaucluses from Tatra Mountains), 23 caves (located mainly in Western Tatra Mountains and in Kraków – Wieluń Upland). There is a probability of location of individual hydrogeological objects from Poland on the world karst aquifer map considering the importance of the region.