Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

Ograniczanie wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 2

Liczba wyników na stronie

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych: karbochemia

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

Problematyka uzyskiwania frakcji paliwowych z węgla i odpadowych poliolefin

Tokarska A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2008

Tom 10

533-543

The alternative sources of liquid fuels are: renewable raw materials, coal and waste polyolefins. Liquid fuels may be obtained from coal using two methods: o indirect method, composes of coal gasification to the gas synthesis, and then the synthesis of hydrocarbons using Fischer-Tropsch method, o direct method, based on the Bergiusa process and consists in direct hydrogenation of coal to the liquid product, so-called "coal oil". Waste poliolefins (PO), which have the highest part in the stream of waste artificial materials and, it is estimated, produced each year in the amount of about 1-1.5 million of Mg (divergences in balance result from the import of ready products) are the potential source of fuel fractions. The pyrolysis of waste PO, conducted in laboratory conditions, runs under the atmospheric pressure in the range of temperatures 300-420°C. Material undergoes reaction in above 90% of mass, and the main product is the liquid one, obtained in the quantity about 80% of mass. Pyrolysis products of PO do not contain sulphur, however the portion of unsaturated compounds comes to 50%, so their refining is necessary. The second technology using waste PO is their thermal and catalytic decomposition in mixture with the technological oil of petroleum origin. Till end of 2006 according to this technology worked two industrial installations (in Jasło Refinery and AGROB EKO in Zabrze), which can deliver together about 40 thousands of Mg of the product annually. Series of tests hydrocracking of two industrial fractions, which proprieties are presented in Table 1, and fraction balances in Figure 4 were conducted. Tests of hydrocrackingu of material I was carried out on catalyst K I, and material II on catalyst K II. 8 tests of hydrocracking were conducted on each catalyst, in total time about 20 hours. The parameters of processes were following: temperature - 300 and 450°C, pressure - 6 and 8 MPa, mass loading of catalyst - 2 and 2.4 h-1. Conducted series of tests of hydrocrackingu process gave moderately satisfactory results. Obtained products contained higher portion of components distilling to 360°C. Such increase in case of both materials was about 15% of volume. It concerned mainly fraction about the range of the petrol boiling. Portion of fraction with the range of boiling of diesel oil stayed on the same level as in initial materials.

Polska baza surowcowa a rozwój przemysłu chemicznego : siły na zamiary

Kijeński J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

2006

T. 85, nr 10

1420-1424

Krajowe zasoby ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego w Polsce nie zaspokajają zapotrzebowania przemysłu chemicznego i energetyki. Krajowe węgle kopalne i odnawialna biomasa mogą jednakże być również wykorzystywane do wytwarzania półproduktów chemicznych i paliw płynnych. Dokonano przeglądu procesów chemicznego przetwórstwa węgla przez zgazowanie i przerobu gazu syntezowego, jak również przerobu olejów tłuszczowych i węglowodanów do biopaliw i biochemikaliów. Zarysowano również możliwości, opartej na krajowych surowcach tiochemii oraz chemii chloru, wytwarzania produktów chemicznych. Podkreślono znaczenie przerobu surowców wtórnych (odpadów) dla produkcji paliw i półproduktów chemicznych.

Domestic resources of black coal, sulfur, KCl and NaCl, as also of renewable raw materials (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) were analyzed in terms of (bio)fuel-targeted gasification of C and conversion of syngas, fatty oils, and carbohydrates. Pyrolysis of cellulose, steam reforming of wood, metathesis of fatty acids, the S and the Cl chemistries and recycling, esp. of polymers, should be focused on to make up for the insufficient crude oil and natural gas resources.