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Zastosowanie austriackich map katastralnych w badaniach użytkowania ziemi w połowie XIX wieku

Sobala M.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2012

T. 44, nr 4

324-333

Autor przedstawia sposób przygotowania i przetworzenia austriackich map katastralnych do postaci umożliwiającej analizowanie użytkowania ziemi w połowie XIX wieku oraz prezentuje przykładowe opracowania wyników.

The article presents possible application of Austrian cadastral maps for the analysis of land use with selected GIS tools. It describes the method of preparation and processing of cadastral maps into the form enabling analysis and shows example results prepared in ArcGIS 9.3. Austrian cadastral maps provide a valuable source of scientific information. Emergence of completely new research methods utilizing GIS techniques and tools widened the range of possibilities of geographical-historical analysis, including the analysis of old maps. The article discusses cadastral maps in the scale of 1:2880, elaborated in 1845 for the cadastral commune in Ostre in the region of Żywiec (southern Poland). Calibration is one of the more important issues in the use of old maps. To perform it one needs to know the local reference system and projection. Cadastral maps were probably prepared in Cassini-Soldner cylindrical transversal equal distance projection. The ones discussed in the article are located within the local Lviv cadastral system. In the first step affinity transformation was performed basing on sheet corners. The average RMS error was less than 4.91. The next step of calibration consisted in a transformation of the old local reference system into the modern one. At this stage Helmerfs simplified transformation, including Molodienski's converse formulae, was applied. It is usually assumed that the final stage of calibration of Austrian maps requires a transformation basing on polynomials of higher degree using adaptation points from the map. Because of an insufficient number of adaptation points and their uneven placing the author resigned from performing that last stage, which is permitted in the case of small areas (within the range of 5 km). On screen digitalization utilizing 'snapping' method was the next stage. It was accompanied with establishing a database of land use. Topology construction tool was used to eliminate errors in the process of digitalization. Transformation of old cadastral maps from paper to digital form makes it possible to determine the structure of land use in the middle of 19th century. When combined with altitude data obtained from the digital terrain model, these maps make it possible to determine the implications of terrain relief for particular types of land use as well as the structure of land use in particular altitude zones (table 2). Obtained results may provide a base for the search for other factors which could influence the structure of land use.