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Attapulgite suspension filter material for biological aerated filter to remove CODMn and ammonia nitrogen in micropolluted drinking water source

Xu Kai, Wang Jiahao, Li Jiacheng, Wang Zijie, Lin Zizeng, Wang Zheng

Environment Protection Engineering

2020

Vol. 46, nr 4

21--40

An attapulgite suspended (AS) filter material was successfully prepared and used in combination with biological aerated filter (BAF) to pretreat excess organic matter and ammonia nitrogen in micropolluted water. The AS filter material was of low density and floated on the water surface, which is beneficial to optimize the hydraulic conditions. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) It was found that the surface of the filter material was uneven, the pores were deep. When the hydraulic load is 4 m/h and the gas to water volume ratio is 2:1, the removal rates of permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen by ASBAF are up to 57.49 and 88.11%, respectively, and the effluent quality meets relevant standards. After backwashing, the pollutants removal rate will return to stable filtration after two hours. A short-term shutdown of the reactor has little effect on the processing performance of ASBAF, but a long-term shutdown will greatly affect the removal rate of CODMn. The complete organic matter degradation model can well fit the experimental effluent water quality.

Badanie kału w diagnostyce klinicznej

Prudlak K., Szopa M., Futoma-Kołoch B.

Laboratorium Medyczne

2018

nr 4

42--47

Kał ludzki stanowi przydatny materiał biologiczny, wykorzystywany w ocenie stanu zdrowia, a samo jego badanie jest nieinwazyjne. Praca ma na celu utrwalenie przekonania, iż analiza kału dostarcza wielu ważnych informacji o stanie zdrowia pacjenta. Aktualnie diagnostyka dysponuje szerokim wachlarzem badań, które pozwalają na wykrywanie chorób przewodu pokarmowego, stanów zapalnych jelit, a nawet zmian nowotworowych. W niniejszym opracowaniu wskazuje się na niektóre z nich, m.in. test na krew utajoną oraz oznaczanie markera nowotworowego M2-PK, α1-antytrypsyny, elastazy 1, kalprotektyny i laktoferyny.

Human faeces are useful biological material used in the assessment of health, and their testing is non-invasive. The paper aims to consolidate the belief that the analysis of faeces provides a lot of important information about a patient's state of health. Currently, the diagnostics offers a wide range of tests that enable diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory bowel conditions and even cancerous lesions. This paper indicates some of them, including faecal occult blood test and the determination of the tumour marker M2-PK, α1-antitrypsin, elastase 1, calprotectin and lactoferrin.