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Variation in Structure and Color of Ostracoda Crustacean Shell as Biomarker for Detection of Water Pollution with Heavy Metals

Al-Salman Ibrahim M. A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 10

1--12

EN

Variations in structure and color of the shell of freshwater Ostracoda crustacean genus Cypris were used as a biomarker to detect the impact of heavy metals, i.e. cadmium in the form of CdCl2 as a case of study. Concentrations of element used in experimental were submitted with their levels that were detected in Iraqi aquatic environment and the expected ranges resulting from the accumulation of these metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, salts of CdCl2 were used to prepare the required concentrations 0.1, 0.1.5, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/L, respectively. Individuals of crustacean were taken at the rate of 10 adults (A) and 10 juveniles (J) at three replicates and the exposure time was recorded, at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours, and the tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions of light, pH, and temperature. The results showed that all individuals, A and J, were affected after 12 hours of treatment with CdCl2, and observed slight differences in the level of impact, the activity and resistance of Cypris individuals to the impact of element that began with exchanged of color and density of shell, level of the flexibility of shell legator flap muscle within 24 hours, followed by opening and cracking all the shell over 48 hours and exposed the internal structures of the crustacean to direct impact of Cd. When following up on the survival and mortality rate at the level of individuals and comparing the speed of vulnerability of adults and juveniles, differences between both categories of individuals can be noticed, as death rates were recorded after 12 and 24 hours of treatment, amounting to 60 and 70%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/L, while with concentrations 0.1.5 and 0.2 mg /L, the percentage increased in J to 80%, but at concentration 0.3, the percentage of mortality rate was equal and became 90% after 24 hours in A and J. The death rate of 100% was recorded with all concentrations used in the experiments after passage 48 hours of treatment with cadmium.

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Three-dimensional analysis of gait in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Bazarnik-Mucha Katarzyna, Snela Sławomir, Szczepanik Magdalena, Jarmuziewicz Agnieszka, Guzik Agnieszka, Wolińska Olga, Drużbicki Mariusz

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 2

35--45

EN

The paper aimed to assess the gait pattern in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treated at the rehabilitation center and to assess changes in this pattern after the end of treatment and 9 months later. Methods: 50 children with JIA were enrolled into the study. 35 healthy volunteers were enrolled into the study for a comparison. Spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters were obtained using a movement analysis system. The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) was calculated. The assessment was performed three times: on the day of admission to the rehabilitation center, after the end of a 4-week treatment period and 9 months later. Results: With regard to the majority of spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters, differences in their distribution were highly statistically significant between the study group and the control group ( p < 0.001). In two subsequent tests, differences were less significant when compared to the control group ( p < 0.01). In the study group, ranges of motion in the sagittal plane in the hip ( p < 0.01), knee ( p < 0.001) and ankle joints ( p < 0.01) increased significantly between tests 1 and 2, and 1 and 3. A significantly lower value of GDI was observed in the study group (right limb; p = 0.036). Conclusions: The gait pattern of children with JIA is significantly different from the one observed in healthy children. A rehabilitation program significantly improved gait in children with JIA, but differences compared to healthy children were still observed, and it indicates that the abnormal gait pattern became permanent in this group of subjects.

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Dlaczego dziecko staje się przestępcą? Funkcjonowanie rodziny a rodzaj zachowania przestępczego nieletnich chłopców

Kucharewicz J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2015

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z. 85

245--261

PL

Gwałtowny wzrost liczby i eskalacja najgroźniejszych przestępstw popełnianych przez nieletnich jest problemem o szczególnym znaczeniu społecznym. Irracjonalne motywy tych przestępstw, nasilona agresja oraz okrucieństwo bulwersują szerokie kręgi społeczne. Oficjalne rejestry, przedstawiające rozmiary i charakter przestępczości nieletnich, wskazują na występowanie w niej trzech głównych tendencji: systematycznego wzrostu wszystkich rodzajów przestępstw, obniżania się dolnej granicy wieku nieletnich sprawców oraz znacznego zwiększenia liczby przestępstw gwałtownych, charakteryzujących się dużym natężeniem agresji i wyjątkową brutalnością. Artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytania dotyczące zależności pomiędzy stylem funkcjonowania rodziny a pojawieniem się u młodych osób zachowań o charakterze przestępczym. Autorka próbuje odnaleźć uwarunkowania tych zachowań, poszukując ich wśród czynników środowiskowych – rodzinnych.

EN

The rapid growth and escalating of the most serious crimes committed by minors is a problem of particular importance for society. Irrational motives for these crimes, increased aggression and cruelty of those irritate broad social circles. This fact became also an issue taken by the representatives of many disciplines, including psychology, pedagogy, criminology, sociology and law. Official records are showing the size and nature of juvenile crime indicate the presence of its three major trends: a systematic increase in all types of crime, lowering of the minimum age for juvenile offenders and a substantial increase in violent crimes, characterized by high intensity of aggression and exceptional brutality. The article attempts to answer the questions concerning the relationship between the style of functioning of the family and the emergence of young criminal behavior among young patients. The author tries to find determinants of these behaviors searching for them through environmental factors – family.

4

Species composition and size structure of beach seine by-catches in Port-Said fishing harbour, Egypt

El-Mor M., El-Etreby S., Sapota M.R.

Oceanological Studies

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2002

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Vol. 31, No. 3-4

31-43

EN

The trash catch of the Egyptian Mediterranean small beach seine operating in Port-Said fishing harbour at the entrance of the Suez Canal during the period from January to December 1997 was analyzed. It amounted about 3-5 kg per haul composed of three categories: juveniles of commercially important species (76.6%), low-valued small size fish species (11.2%) and 12.2% of non-edible "trash" species. The amount of trash catch constituted about 20-25% of the total landing of beach seine. It was classified into 42 species representing 24 families. Among these, 17 species are known to be of Red Sea origin. Three species Siganus rivulatus, (recruitment in October), Terapon puta (recruitment in August and September) and Pomadasys incisus (recruitment in January and February) dominated the assemblage of 42 species and contributed 53.8% of all sampled fishes.

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Biological studies on juvenile fish of Siganus rivulatus (Forsskal 1775) in Port-Said fishing harbour, Egypt

El-Mor M., El-Etreby S., Sapota M.R.

Oceanological Studies

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2002

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Vol. 31, No. 3-4

17-30

EN

A total of 999 specimens of Siganus rivulatus were collected from trash catches of small beach seine operating in the Port Said fishing harbour at the entrance of the Suez Canal during the period from January to December 1997. The species constituted 20.1% of the trash catch and about 4 - 5% of the total catch of the gear. The juveniles of S. rivulatus could stay at the nursery grounds from October till April, and be recruited from October till December. The length-weight relationships, as well as the condition factor of the juvenile fish, were studied. The feeding activities were quite high in winter months. From May to September, juveniles of S. rivulatus appear to be exclusively deposit feeders in most months, feeding mainly on algae and molluscs.

6

Biological studies on juvenile fish of Sardinella aurita (Valenciennes 1847) off the Port-Said coast (Mediterranean Sea, Egypt)

El-Mor M., El-Etreby S., Sapota G.

Oceanological Studies

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2002

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Vol. 31, No. 3-4

3-16

EN

A total of 861 specimens of Sardinella aurita were collected from month-ly trash catches from a trawling net operating on the Port Said coast on the Mediterranean Sea from January to December 1997. The species constituted 17.9% of the trash catch and about 3% of the total catch of the gear. The juveniles of S. aurita stayed at the nursery grounds from September till March, and recruited from September till December. The length-weight relationships as well as the condition factor of the juvenile fish were studied. The highest values of the condition factor were recorded in autumn. The feeding activities were quite high during the early winter and autumn. The juveniles of S. aurita are likely to feed in the upper water level (planktonivorous).