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PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki monitorowania zawartości jonów sodu w wodach podziemnych w zależności od pory roku (wiosna, zima), z dwóch rodzajów studni: kopanej oraz głębinowej, Scharakteryzowano punkty poboru próbek. Opracowano metodykę badawczą na podstawie normy PN-ISO 9964-3:1994, którą stosowano do oznaczania zawartości jonów sodu.
EN
The paper presents the results of monitoring sodium content in groundwater, depending on the season (spring, winter) from two types of wells: dug and deep well. Sampling points were characterized. The research methodology was developed on the basis of the PN-ISO 9964-3:1994 standard, which was used to determine the content of sodium ions.
2
Content available remote Polymer electrolytes based on POE and Na-TFS salt for all-solid-state batteries
EN
Purpose: Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems mostly focus on lithiumion batteries; especially in the field of portable electronics and electric transportation. Nevertheless, it is expected that the exponential growth of these markets and limited lithium resources will increase the price of lithium-based energy storage systems. To meet growing demands in terms of green and sustainable electric power storage, alternative electrochemical technologies towards post lithium-ion batteries are required. Design/methodology/approach: In the present study, polymer electrolytes based on poly(oxyethylene) (POE) and Na-TFS (NaCF3SO3) were developed to be used in solventfree batteries. Electrolytes were prepared using two methodologies: (i) a green-chemistry approach based on lyophilization combined with hot-pressing and (ii) the film-casting method. Findings: Advantages and limitations of both approaches were investigated by several characterization techniques (morphology, thermal and conductivity studies). Using lyophilization/hot-pressing, waste and chemical derivatives production is prevented (Green Chemistry approach) and uniform and porous-free films with controllable thickness and improved mechanical properties are achievable. Research limitations/implications: Further work regarding the development and application of novel polymer backbones is necessary to reach performances comparable to lithium-based polymer electrolytes in terms of electrical properties (conductivity). Originality/value: This work is in total agreement with the current need of developing alternative materials towards sustainable and environmental friendly post lithium-ion batteries. This global aspiration is supported by the recent re-emerging focus on sodium-ion batteries.
EN
One of the main toxic components of post quenching salts formed in large quantities during steel hardening processes is BaCl2. This dangerous ingredient can be chemically neutralized after dissolution in water by means of reaction crystallization with solid ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4. The resulting size distribution of the ecologically harmless crystalline product - BaSO4 - is an important criteria deciding about its further applicability. Presence of a second component of binary quenching salt mixture (BaCl2-NaCl) in water solution, NaCl, influences the reaction-crystallization process kinetics affecting the resulting product properties. The experimental 39 input-output data vectors containing the information about the continuous reaction crystallization in BaCl2 - (NH4)2SO4 - NaCl - H2O system ([BaCl2]RM = 10-24 mass %, [NaCl]RM = 0-12 mass %, T = 305-348 K and τ = 900-9000 s) created the database for the neural network training and validation. The applicability of diversified network configurations, neuron types and training strategies were verified. An optimal network structure was used for the process modeling.
4
Content available remote Makro- i mikroelementy w produktach sojowych
PL
W pracy opisano oznaczanie jonów wapnia, żelaza i sodu w produktach sojowych z użyciem metod spektrofotometrycznych i potencjometrycznej. Użyte metody w analizie wykazują odpowiednią liniową zależność dla kalibrowanych zakresów pomiarowych. Statystyczna analiza wyników oznaczeń zawartości jonów metali w produktach sojowych charakteryzuje się relatywnie niskimi wartościami odchylenia standardowego. Oznaczone zawartości badanych jonów mieszczą się w przedziałach zalecanych ilości makro- i mikroelementów w produktach sojowych.
EN
This paper describes the determination of Ca(II), Fe(III) and Na(I) ions in soybean products using spektrophotometrical and potentiometrical methods. The methods showed linearity for the analyses in their respective calibration ranges. Statistical date analysis, based on soybean products analysis and relative standard deviation (RSD) for both ions was performed.
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