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1 2009

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Tribologoczne i materiałowe uwarunkowania stosowania endoprotez stawów

Gierzyńska-Dolna M., Wiśniewska-Weinert H., Adamus J.

Tribologia

2009

nr 1

47-62

W pracy scharakteryzowano staw biodrowy jako system tribologiczny. Podano, jakie warunki należy spełniać podczas modelowania endoprotez. Wskazano na nowe kierunki rozwoju biomateriałów i endoprotez.

Hip joint arthroplasty is a common operation at the Orthopaedic Surgery Departments. An increasing demand for implantation of the hip joints results from: – longer and longer life span, – improper nutrition and increasing amount of people with advanced osteoporosis, – growing amount of the car collisions, which result in bone-articular injuries, – adverse weather conditions (long snowy winters). In addition, the amount of people who need reimplantation of the endoprostheses, which have been used for 10-15 years, grows significantly. Loosening of the endoprostheses elements (mostly acetabular cup) or their wear are the main reason for reimplantation. The growing demand for hip endoprostheses inspires many scientific and research centres to work for improvement in endoprosthesis quality. The works concentrate on following problems: – increase in endoprostheses durability, – improvement in endoprosthesis functionalities by minimisation the frictional resistance and decrease in over-rigidity of the "implant-bone" system, – limitation of the wear products, – making reimplantation easier and assurance the better stability of endoprostheses clamping. In the paper hip joint as a tribological system is charcterised. Some destructive processes occurring in arthroplasty are discussed. Methods of the increase in wear resistance of polyethylene are presented. Moreover, the necessary conditions during modelling of the endoprostheses and new directions of endoprostheses development are given.