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1 2014

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Słonecznik bulwiasty źrodłem cennych surowcow dla przemysłu, szczególnie spożywczego, kosmetycznego i farmaceutycznego

Chyc M., Ogonowski J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2014

[Z] 68, 7-8

719--732

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a native plant to North America. Its tubers were adopted as a source of food and inulin [3]. The substances obtained from tuber, shoots and flowers can be used in medicine, cosmetics or food industry as a valuable food additive. Inulin is extracted from jerusalem artichokes. It is a white, odorless, soluble powder with a slightly sweet taste and no aftertaste. It contains a mixture of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides which are composed of fructose units connected by β (2-1) links (Fig. 1). Almost every molecule is terminated by a glucose unit. The typical total number of fructose and glucose units in inulin is 30-35. The potential of jerusalem artichoke as a source for inulin, a natural polymer that may provide dietary health benefits for obesity, diabetes, increased calcium and magnesium absorption [41–43], while promoting the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and several other health issues and the possible use of the crop for biofuels [17], pharmacy and cosmetics and plastics manufacturers is drawing recent interest. The health benefits of inulin provide numerous opportunities to develop functional foods in various sectors such as dairy, bakery, beverage, cereals and cereal bars, supplements, confectionary, ice cream, infant formulas, fat spreads. Inulin cannot be digested by the digestive enzymes nor broken down by the gastric acids in the human digestive system. Therefore, these non-digestible carbohydrates function as insoluble fibers. However, dietary fibers influence the consistency of stomach and bowel content, the rate of discharge from the stomach and intestines and thus the rate at which nutrients and other desirable undesirable substances are absorbed. Furthermore they have an intensive effect on human bowel movements. This makes dietary fibers an essential part of our daily menu. Several methods for inulin extraction from Jerusalem artichoke tubers have been described in this paper [7, 11, 14]. For instance, ultrafiltration can reduce the purification procedure due to convenience and rapidity (fewer steps), thus showing a promising prospect for industrial purposes [24, 29, 31].