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1

Unusual echinoid resting trace records change in the position of the redox boundary (Palaeogene of the Lesser Caucasus in Georgia)

Uchman Alfred, Lebanidze Zurab, Kobakhidze Nino, Beridze Tamar, Makadze Davit, Lobzhanidze Koba, Khutsishvili Sophio, Chagelishvili Rusudan, Koiava Kakha, Khundadze Nino

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2022

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Vol. 72, no. 3

317--330

EN

The first recognition of a tracemaker responding to a temporary shift in the redox boundary is recognized. This is recorded by a new trace fossil, Sursumichnus orbicularis igen. et isp. nov., which is established for mound-like structures on the upper surfaces of sandstone beds from the Borjomi Flysch (upper Paleocene–lower Eocene) in the Lesser Caucasus (Georgia). It is connected with the spatangoid echinoid burrow Scolicia de Quatrefages, 1849 and interpreted as a resting trace of the same tracemaker produced after moving up from a deeper position within the sediment. The resting is caused by an episode of unfavourable conditions related to shallowing of the redox boundary. The trace fossil is a component of the Nereites ichnofacies.

2

Badenian (Middle Miocene) echinoids and starfish from western Ukraine, and their biogeographic and stratigraphic significance

Radwański A., Górka M., Wysocka A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2014

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Vol. 64, no. 2

207--247

EN

Echinoderms from the Badenian (Middle Miocene) of the Fore-Carpathian Basin of western Ukraine are facies restricted. The Mykolaiv Beds, stratigraphically older, yielded the starfish Astropecten forbesi (complete skeletons), two genera of sand dollars (Parascutella, Parmulechinus), and numerous other echinoids of the genera Psammechinus , Echinocyamus, Spatangus, Hemipatagus, Echinocardium, Clypeaster, Echinolampas, and Conolampas. The stratigraphically younger, calcareous Ternopil Beds yielded Eucidaris (complete coronae, isolated spines), Arbacina , Brissus, and Rhabdobrissus. Sixteen species of echinoids are distinguished and/or commented. A new brissid, Rhabdobrissus tarnopolensis sp. nov., is established. A mass occurrence of some species (Psammechinus dubius and Hemipatagus ocellatus) contrasts with that of mass aggregations (sand dollars and Echinocardium leopolitanum) by dynamic events in selected layers of proximal tempestites. Of special note is the occurrence of very small specimens, interpreted as juveniles (‘babies’) having been swept out of their restricted biotopes (‘nurseries’). Some species hitherto regarded as of Early Miocene age, and the problem of their persistence beyond the Fore-Carpathian Basin and/or migration into that basin during the Middle Miocene transgression are discussed.

3

Echinoids and pectinid bivalves from the Early Miocene Mishan Formation of Iran

Kroh A., Gholamalian H., Mandic O., Ćorić S., Harzhauser M., Reuter M., Piller W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 4

419-439

EN

Shallow marine echinoids and pectinid bivalves from the Early Miocene Guri Member of the Mishan Formation cropping out at the Gery Sheikh section north of Bandar Pohl in the area of the Hormuz Strait, Iran, are reported. The echinoid fauna indicates a Burdigalian age for the Guri Member. This is supported by new calcareous nannoplankton data from this unit, which suggest an age from Aquitanian to middle Burdigalian (NN1-NN3). From a palaeobiogeographic point of view the fauna of the Guri Member is related to the faunas from central Saudi Arabia, southeast Pakistan and northwest India. The absence of Western Tethyan elements supports earlier data suggesting that a faunal separation between Proto-Mediterranean and Proto-Indian Ocean faunas was well developed before the terminal Tethyan Event. The echinoids Fibularia damensis Kier, 1972 and Anisaster arabica Kier, 1972 are new records for Iran, having been known before solely from Saudi Arabia. Brissus daviesi Jain, 2002 is transferred to Rhynobrissus based on the characters of its fascioles, petalodium and plas tron; this constituting the first fossil record of the genus.

4

The phymosomatid echinoid Trochalosoma taeniatum from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southeast Poland

Jagt J., Kin A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

429-435

EN

The phymosomatid Trochalosoma taeniatum (von Hagenow, 1840) is recorded for the first time from upper Maastrichtian strata exposed at Piotrowice, near Lublin, southeast Poland. Although fragmentary, the single, moderately preserved test is of note in representing one of the larger individuals of this species on record (estimated diameter > 60 mm), and in displaying crenulate ambulacral and interambulacral tubercles, at least adapically. Previous records of T. taeniatum include the lower and upper Maastrichtian of Denmark, northern Germany (Rugen), Alava (northern Spain) and Mangyshlak (Kazakhstan). Trochalosoma corneti (Cotteau, 1875), from the upper Maastrichtian of southern and northeast Belgium (Mons and Liege basins, respectively) and the southeast Netherlands (type area of the Maastrichtian Stage), synonymised by some authors with T. taeniatum, is considered to be distinct.

5

Copepod-infested Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) echinoids from northern France

Radwańska U., Poirot E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 4

549-555

EN

New examples of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) parasitic exocysts on acrosaleniid echinoid tests are recorded from northern France. These exocysts can be attributed to the life activity of copepod crustaceans and are considered to have been formed as a result of copepod larval settlement in these echinoids by way of the gonopores. Sexual dimorphism is recognised in copepod-infested Acrosalenia spinosa L. Agassiz, 1840, on the basis of size and position of gonopores, those in females being larger and wider apart, those in males smaller and situated subcentrally. The previous stratigraphic range of copepod cysts of this type (i.e., Middle Oxfordian to Middle Kimmeridgian) can now be extended down to the base of the Bathonian (convergens Subzone).

6

Wstępne dane o nagromadzeniu jeżowców z rodzaju Conulus w profilu dolnego turonu Glanowa (niecka miechowska)

Borszcz T., Gajerski A., Rakociński M., Szczepańczyk A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 7

552-556

EN

An interesting phenomenon of echinoid accumulation occurring in the Lower Turonian (Mytiloides labiatus Zone) at Glanów village (Miechów Upland) is the main topic of the paper. The bed investigated consists of poorly cemented sandy-marly limestones with thickness of about 30 cm. The accumulation of echinoids is older than that of documented in Wielkanoc which is of middleto-late Turonian age and situated in the same region under study. Apart from a dominant echinoid species Conulus subrotundus Mantell represented by adult and juvenile forms that are dispersed in the bed, the second echinoid species -a regular form Salenocidaris granulosa (Woodward)-has also been noted. Additionally, the skeletal elements of crinoids, ophiuroids, asteroids, as well as bryozoans, annelids, poriferans and shark teeth have also been found in the bed under study. Preliminary observations indicate that the origin of the echinoid accumulation corresponds well with the Conulus bed from the Wielkanoc quarry as a result of luxuriant development of echinoids and complex sedimentological, paleoecological and tectonic factors.

7

Callovian and Oxfordian echinoids of Zalas

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2005

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Vol. 3, no. 1

63--74

EN

Within the Callovian-to-Oxfordian sequence, transgressive upon the Variscan rhyodacite laccolith exposed at Zalas in the Cracow Upland, southern Poland, and far-known due to its ubiquitous fossils of various kinds, to this study subjected are the echinoids. The Callovian assemblage from the variably-sized clastics is low-diversified, to contain 4 taxa of a wider regional occurrence. The Lower (up to the base of Middle) Oxfordian assemblage appears the richest in the Oxfordian of Poland. Its content is typified by the representatives of the orders Cidaroida Claus, 1880, and Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904. Amongst the recognised 12 species, of special attention are those first reported from the Jurassic sequences of Poland, viz. Eosalenia miranda Lambert, 1905, and Heterocidaris dumortieri Cotteau, 1871, the latter of which is still a great rarity to the science. Discussed are the life requirements of some of the recognised taxa, as apparent from the functional analysis of their tests. banalnych form nieregularnych pojawia się tutaj (patrz pl. 1: 3a-3b) duży osobnik regularny, Stomechinus heberti Cotteau, 1884, nieznany dotąd w środkowej jurze Polski. Zespół jeżowców z osadów oksfordu (patrz pl. 2- 3) składa się z 12 taksonów (patrz fig. 2), spośród których sześć z podgromady Cidaroidea Claus, 1880, zostało omówionych wcześniej (Radwańska 2003). Zespół ten obejmuje wyłącznie jeżowce regularne o zbliżonych wymaganiach życiowych wskazujące na ujednolicenie warunków środowiskowych w czasie rozszerzającej się transgresji. Uwagę zwraca w nim gatunek Heterocidaris dumortieri Cotteau, 1871, o wprawdzie niejasnej pozycji systematycznej (patrz Fell 1966), a reprezentowany niestety tylko w postaci ułamków pancerzy (pl. 2: 5) znacznych rozmiarów (średnicy ponad 10 cm), ale będący niezmierną rzadkością w jurze europejskiej (patrz Cotteau 1860, 1871; Fell 1966) i nieznany dotychczas z obszaru Polski.

PL

Profil osadów jurajskich odsłaniający się w stropie wielkiego kamieniołomu waryscyjskich riodacytów Zalasu (patrz fig. 1) okazuje się znaczącym ze względu na bogactwo szczątków różnorodnych szkarłupni (liliowców, rozgwiazd, wężowideł), spośród których na szczególną uwagę zasługują jeżowce . W dotychczasowych opracowaniach profilu Zalasu, dostępnego dawniej w niewielkich odsłonięciach naturalnych lub lokalnych łomikach, jeżowce były notowane sporadycznie, jako towarzyszące obfitej faunie gąbek, amonitów i innych mięczaków, oraz ramienionogów (patrz Siemieradzki 1893; Wójcik 1910). Rozlegle odsłonięcie w kamieniołomie riodacytów, rozbudowywanym od lat 1970-tych, umożliwiło szczegółowe rozpoznanie wykształcenia facjalnego osadów jurajskich, ich inwentarza faunistycznego i przede wszystkim ich biostratygrafii wyznaczającej pozycję stratygraficzną profilu w przedziale dolny kelowej - niższa część oksfordu środkowego (patrz Giżejewska i Wieczorek 1977; Matyja i Tarkowski 1991; Tarkowski 1989). Badane przez autorkę jeżowce, pochodzące częściowo z rozmaitych kolekcji (publicznych i prywatnych), a w większości zebrane osobiście, stanowią w sumie dosyć istotny element w rozpoznaniu faun jurajskich Polski. Zespół jeżowców z osadów keloweju (patrz pl. 1) obejmuje tylko 4 gatunki (patrz fig. 2) o różnych wymaganiach życiowych wskazujących na nieustabilizowane warunki środowiskowe w czasie postępującej transgresji morskiej. Oprócz dość Analiza funkcjonalna pancerzy (patrz Smith 1978, 1984; Radwańska 1999) pozwoliła na bardziej szczegółowe rozpatrzenie sposobu życia i wymogów środowiskowych badanych gatunków jeżowców z keloweju i oksfordu Zalasu, zaś analiza taksonomiczna na unacześnienie rozpoznań autorów wcześniejszych (Siemiradzki 1893; Wójcik 1910; patrz fig, 3). Zespół jeżowców oksfordzkich Zalasu okazuje się najbogatszym spośród wszystkich dotychczas badanych stanowisk oksfordu w Polsce (por. Radwańska 2000,2003, 2004b), zaś jego środowiskowe siedlisko - wśród obfitych gąbek, ich mumii i budowli (por. Matyja i Tarkowski 1981, fig. 2B-3) - nadzwyczaj podobne do przedstawionego dla środkowego oksfordu Szwajcarii (patrz Hess 1975, fig. 27).

8

Jeżowce oksfordu Bałtowa

Radwańska U.

Volumina Jurassica

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2004

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Vol. 2, no. 1

131-140

EN

The autecology of echinoids from the Middle Oxfordian coraliferous limestones of Bałtów (NW margin of the Holy Cross Mountains, Central Poland) is discussed, as aparent from the morphology of tests, ambulacral pores for tube feet, and spines. Inferred is mode of life, locomotion, and feeding, as well as the diet of the taxonomically recognised three species: Paracidaris florigemma (Phillips, 1829) – spines only, Glypticus hieroglyphicus (Goldfuss, 1826), and Hemicidaris merryaca Cotteau, 1850, the latter reported for the first time in Poland. The phenotypic convergence is indicated of such species as: P. florigemma and extant Eucidaris tribuloides Desmoulins, 1835, of Florida and the Caribbean, as well as G. hieroglyphicus and extant Colobocentrotus atratus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Indo-Pacific. Environmental conditions, under which the Bałtów echinoids lived, are concluded as extremely shallow marine (shallow subtidal up to low-intertidal), connected with the Bałtów coral patch reef nearby.