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Measurement and control of optical brighteners using inline sensor technology

Kunschert K., Ziegler H., Leyerer H.

Przegląd Papierniczy

2011

R. 67, nr 9

569-572

The appearance of graphical paper is determined by its brightness and color which is adjusted by optical brightening agents (OBAs) and dyes. This addition of OBAs and dyes is commonly controlled and monitored according to the scanner values of the pope roller. This common practice has many flaws including the delay between dosage of the additives and the actual measurement, the danger of overdosage when a change in furnish occurs as well as the fact that during a sheet break there is no value which the dosage can be related to as the last measured value does not reflect the reality of the process. In the scope of a diploma thesis it could be demonstrated how, with help of the inline sensor BT-5400 UV, OBA and dye can be measured and controlled. In a practical example the sensor was installed after the deculator of a fine paper machine. The OBA and two dyes were dosed directly into the pulp suspension as well as a further OBA dosage in the size press. The time between dosage, inline measurement and pope measurement amounts to less than 10 minutes. This allows for a control loop with fast reaction. The real-time measurement of OBA and color allows a reduction of broke production, faster grade changes, avoidance of over- or underdosing and close control during web breaks where scanner values are not available. The installation of the inline sensor BT-5400 UV in combination with a control loop enables a fast amortization of the investment and an increase in productivity and paper quality.

Free Electron Laser in Poland

Romaniuk R. S.

Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly

2009

Vol. 55, No 4

669-682

The idea of building a new IVth generation of light sources of high luminosity, which use accelerators, arose in the 80ties of XXth century. Now, in a numerable synchrotron and laser laboratories in Europe, an intense applied research on free electron lasers has been carried out for a couple of years (FEL) [17,18]. Similarly, in this country, free electron laser in Poland - POLFEL [9] is in a design, a coherent light source of the IVth generation, characterized by very short pulses in the range of 10-100fs, of big power 0,2GW and UV wavelength of 27nm, of average power 1W, with effective high power third harmonic of 9nm. The laser consists of a linear superconducting accelerator 100m in length, undulator and experimental lines. It generates a monochromatic and coherent radiation and can be tuned from THz range via IR, visible to UV, and potentially to X-rays. The linac works in quasi-CW or real-CW mode. It is planned by IPJ [9,10] and XFEL-Poland Consortium [16] as a part of the ESFRI [1] priority Euro FEL infrastructure collaboration network [6], part of the European Research Area - ERA [2]. The paper discusses: FEL background in Poland as a part of EuroFEL infrastructure, FEL parameters and performance, FEL research and technical program and FEL networking in Europe and worldwide. Emphasis is put on the usage of superconducting RF TESLA technology and ties linking Polfel and the European X-Ray Free Electron Laser. The Polfel team of researchers is now dissipated worldwide among such projects as Flash and E-xfel in Desy, Cebaf in JLab, Alba in Barcelona, Elettra in Trieste, ILC in Fermilb, LCLS in SLAC. Polfel creates an unique, but quite transient chance to gather and solidly accumulate for a long time this expertise in this country again.