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1

Wpływ zrzutu wód kopalnianych z odkrywki węgla brunatnego na jakość wód rzecznych

Staniszewski R., Jusik S.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 3

2652--2665

EN

Open cast mines can cause several modification of environment, as like decrease of groundwater level, soil modifications, noise, changes of river discharge and others. The year 2009 was the last year of mine waters discharge from Lubstów mine (Wielkopolska province) to Noteć River, which caused increase of river discharge for approximately 17%. The paper presents results of two years of studies on impact of mine waters from brown coal open-pit mine on lowland river. Most important water quality parameters like pH reaction, conductivity, sulphates and nutrients were analysed in all sites. Biological indication methods (MTR, IBMR, RI and others) based on aquatic plants (macrophytes, algae, mosses, liverworts) were used in studies to evaluate possible water quality changes below mine water discharge. Additionally, indices describing biological diversity (Shannon-Wiener W, Simpson D, uniformity J) were calculated using data from standard Mean Trophic Rank survey. In all three sites domination of several aquatic taxa was observed. Most frequent taxa were Elodea canadensis and Berula erecta. Other taxa often present in Noteć River were Spirodela plyrhiza, Sparganium emersum, Sparganium erectum, Mentha aquatica and Symphytum officinale. Results of studies were used for statistical analyses of Friedman ANOVA. Obtained data showed, that according to analysed water quality parameters as like, pH reaction, conductivity, total phosphorus, nitrates and others, changes of water quality were negligible. Results obtained using macrophyte indices for estimation of water trophy and ecological state confirmed results of chemical measurements. According to ANOVA, statistically significant relations were found for macrophyte biological diversity indices among surveyed river sites (χ2 = 8.40; p = 0.015). It was also confirmed by Kendall coefficient W = 0.84. The highest biological diversity was observed in site 1 situated above mine waters discharge and it was decreasing in sites 2 and 3. For the Shannon-Wiener (H’) index average coefficients were respectively 0.29 and 0.23, thus precise interpretation of these relation is difficult and to some extent could depend on other factors, eg. shading. Results of studies showed, that according to measured water quality parameters mine waters discharge from deep seated drainage did not caused significant changes of Noteć river water quality.

2

Effect of Industrial Waste Dumps on the Quality of River Water

Molenda T., Chmura D.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 8

931-938

EN

Landfills are an important source of industrial pollution of surface and groundwater area in the vicinity of waste heaps. Hydrosphere pollution is mainly a consequence of the formation of leachate with high concentrations of toxic substances. In addition to substances considered as a typical toxic materials such as cadmium and lead, leaching water may contain high concentrations of other ions. These include the sulfates, chlorides and sodium. The paper presents the results of landfill leachate of colliery waste tip “Panewniki” located in the catchment of river Jamna (Mikolow). Post coal mine waters are characterized by very high electrical conductivity, which ranges from 7.5 to 8.3 mS cm–1 in the case of the first effluent and from 7.9 to 10.6 mS cm–1 in the case of the second effluent, respectively. Such high values of conductivity are caused by leaching of waste deposited in a heap. As a result of leaching process the increase of the concentration of individual ions also occurs. These can include sodium and chloride. The maximum sodium concentration may exceed the 2500 mg dm–3 and 560 mg dm–3 chlorides. Inflow of effluents into the river Jamna affects significant changes in water quality. The statistically significant differences in the concentrations of sodium and chloride in the waters above and below Jamny flow of leachate were demonstrated.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ składowiska odpadów przemysłowych na jakość wód rzeki Jamny. Wykazano, że wody odciekowe charakteryzuje bardzo dużą konduktywnością elektryczną oraz wysokim stężeniem jonów SO42-, Cl- , Na+ oraz K+. Jest to następstwo ługowania zdeponowanych na składowisku odpadów. Dopływ odcieków do rzeki Jamny powoduje wzrost konduktywności elektrycznej jej wód oraz stężenia jonów SO42-, Cl- oraz Na+. Tym samym składowiska odpadów przemysłowych stanowią trwałe ognisko zanieczyszczenia wód powierzchniowych.

3

Wykorzystanie prostej metody bioindykacyjnej do oceny jakości wody rzecznej w warunkach szkolnych

Królak E., Korycińska M., Mazurek I., Szynkarczyk O.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2011

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R. 16, NR 1-2

93--96

PL

W pracy przedstawiono prostą metodę oceny jakości rzek za pomocą biotycznego indeksu szkolnego (BIS) oraz sposób interpretacji wyników za pomocą tej metody. Analiza statystyczna ponad 300 próbek wody i makrobezkręgowców wykazała statystycznie istotne korelacje pomiędzy wartościami indeksu BMWP-PL i BIS oraz wybranymi fizyczno-chemicznymi wskaźnikami jakości wody a wartościami indeksu BIS.

EN

The paper presents a simple method of assessing rivers water quality with the use of Biotic School Index (BIS), as well as the method of the interpretation of the results obtained with the application of the index. After analyzing morę than 300 samples of water and macroinvertebrates, statistically significant correlations between the BMWP-PL and the BIS index values, as well as chosen physical and chemical water indices and the BIS index were presented.

4

Biomonitoring miejskiego odcinka Dzierżęcinki z wykorzystaniem makrozoobentosu w celu renaturyzacji koryta rzeki

Lampart-Kałużniacka M., Celińska-Spodar A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2008

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Tom 10

457-471

EN

Biomonitoring of the Dzierżęcinka river, a natural watercourse passing through Koszalin, was conducted in 2006. Three sites were selected, at which macrozoobenthos was three times extracted using 0.5mm mesh benthic net. 45 samples were taken. 5 qualitative and quantitative samples from each site, 4 of the former and 1 of the latter type. Analysis consisted of taxonomic affiliation, number and biomass of extracted organisms. Basing on the research results the ecological condition of the investigated parts of the Dzierżęcinka river was determined with the use of the following indices: TBI (Trent Biotic Index), Saprobe Index S, BMWP-PL index (Biological Monitiring Working Party which has been adapter to the Polish conditions), the EPT index (Ephemeroptera to Plectoptera to Trichoptera) First site was situated at the spout point of the Dzierżęcinka river to Koszalin, at 4-Marca street. The ecological condition of the waters oscillated between average for BMWP-PL to good for TBI and the Saprobe Index S. At the same time the EPT index reached low values, which signifies small number of desirable insect larvae sensitive to pollutants. The reason for this mediocre watercourse condition at this site may be a busy street adjacent to the research site, which is the source of partial contamination of water with pollutants from petroleum incineration, waterdrain collectors, which may introduce certain pollutants into the river and waters coming through drainage ditches between Bonin and Koszalin. Second site was situated in the center of the city near the mill. It has the lowest grade in all ecological indices. The lowest number of organisms, in addition to the minimal number of taxons was observed here. The cause of such a poor state may be the closeness of the city center and the Młyńska street (one of the busiest streets in Koszalin) , waterdrains, numerous water birds in the nearby pond whose droppings undoubtedly negatively influence the functioning of water flow. Third site, situated in the vicinity of the bridge, shows satisfactory BMWP-PL, TBI and S indices. Despite these values, the site was characterized by the greatest biodiversity during all dates of research. The reason for this is the sandy and pebbly riverbed, which provides proper ecological niches for a greater number of macrozoobenthic species. Thus it seems, that in order to broaden biodiversity of benthic organisms, actions toward diversifying their environment should be taken. For that reason renaturalization of the Dzierżęcinka riverbed should be based on introduction of varied habitat elements such as: rocks, pebbles, gravel slide-offs, fallen tree-trunks, washed root systems and branches, which create proper conditions for feeding, rest and hiding from predators. Recreation of those elements in respect of bottom morphology parts of the Dzierżęcinka river, will enrich the river in greater number of zoobenthic species, which will influence the self-purification process of the water and the circulation of matter in the ecosystem.

5

Dynamika ładunków związków azotu i fosforu wnoszonych przez Rabę do Zbiornika Dobczyckiego w latach hydrologicznych 2003-2005

Pawełek J., Spytek M.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2006

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Nr 11

32-34

EN

Presented were the results of studies on the loads of biogenic NO3,NO2, NH4 and PO4 compounds delivered to the Dobczycki Reservoir with the Raba river waters. The investigations were conducted from May 2003 until October 2005 in the Osieczany hydrometrie cross-section located by the Raba inflow into the reservoir. The delivery of loads is characterized by a considerable dynamics of changes dependant on the season of the year. The lowest monthly mean daily loads were registered in the autumn months, whereas the maximum values occurred most frequently in March, May and July.

6

Environmetric Study of the Seasonal Patterns (1989-1998) in the Water Quality of the Struma River Basin, Bulgaria

Nikolov N., Mihailov G., Simeonov V., Mirinchev G.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2003

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Vol. 10, nr 8

763-771

EN

By the application of time-series analysis an estimation of the long-term water quality of the Struma river basin is performed. Several typical patterns of seasonal behaviour could be found reflecting the location of rural, urban, tributary and background sampling sites. Although it is quite difficult to specify a strict seasonal pattern along the Stroma river stream, some stable seasonality for the chemical indicators is obtained for the various sites like summer maximums caused probably by the lower water level for most of the sites, winter maximums for anthropogenic species at urban sites or at tributary sites due probably to the effect of waste waters, maximums due to agriculture activity etc. In this way a summary of the long-term water quality monitoring is obtained.

PL

Dokonano długoterminowego oznaczenia jakości wody w dorzeczu rzeki Struma poprzez zastosowanie analizy serii czasowych. Można znaleźć kilka typowych sezonowych zachowań odzwierciedlających lokalizacje miejsc pobierania próbek: na terenach wiejskich, miejskich, w pobliżu ujść dopływów oraz charakterystycznych dla tła. Mimo że dość trudne jest określenie ściśle sezonowych prawidłowości tych zmian wzdłuż biegu rzeki Struma, jednak udało się wykryć sezonowość wartości indykatorów chemicznych w różnych miejscach. Są to takie zmiany sezonowe, jak letnie maksima spowodowane prawdopodobnie niskim poziomem wody dla większości miejsc pobierania próbek, zimowe maksima o charakterze antropogennym charakterystycznym dla obszarów miejskich lub w pobliżu ujść dopływów będące wynikiem zrzutu wód ściekowych, maksima wynikające z działalności rolniczej itd. Otrzymano w ten sposób długoterminowe prawidłowości dotyczące danych monitoringu jakości wód.