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The relationship between sagittal spinal curvatures and isokinetic trunk muscle endurance after aquatic exercise training in survivors of breast cancer

Hanuszkiewicz Justyna Maria, Woźniewski Marek, Malicka Iwona

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 1

21--30

EN

Assessment of the impact of aquatic exercises on the relationship between sagittal spinal curvatures and isokinetic trunk muscle endurance against standard land exercises in women after breast cancer treatment. Methods: 40 women post breast cancer divided into two groups: a study group (n = 20) participated in the aquatic exercises and a control group (n = 20) performed the land exercises. Data collection occurred both before and after the 8 week intervention. Measurements were taken from the SG and CG performing antagonistic movements (flexions/extensions) to assess the endurance (120 °/s) in isokinetic conditions and a photogrammetric examination to define sagittal spinal curvatures. Results: A significant improvement ( p < 0.05) in total work and average power was found among women after the aquatic exercises irrespective of the muscle group under examination. There were no significant changes in any examined parameters after the land exercises. In the study group, there was a significant association of gamma angle decrease and an increase of all examined functional parameters of total work and average power of both the extensor muscles (r = –0,49 to –0.51) and the trunk flexors (r = –0.48 to –0.51). In the control group, a similar tendency of functional-postural changes was observed only for the extensor muscles of the trunk (r = –0.54 to –0.58). Conclusions: General exercises performed in water, as opposed to those performed on land, are more effective in terms of the functional-postural retations in women after breast cancer.

2

The influence of Nordic walking on isokinetic trunk muscle endurance and sagittal spinal curvatures in women after breast cancer treatment

Hanuszkiewicz Justyna Maria, Woźniewski Marek, Malicka Iwona

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 2

47--54

EN

The aim of this work was to assess the impact of Nordic walking on sagittal spinal curvatures and isokinetic trunk muscle endurance in women after breast cancer treatment. Methods: Thirty-nine breast cancer survivors were divided into two groups: a study group (n = 19) that performed Nordic walking, and a control group (n = 20) that performed a standard general exercise programme. Body posture was assessed using Moiré photogrammetry and trunk muscle (flexors and extensors) endurance at 120°/s was measured isokinetically. Statistical analyses were based on two-way ANOVA with Scheffe post hoc tests and Pearson’s r correlation tests. Results: Women who completed the 8-week Nordic walking intervention showed significant improvements in average power and total work, irrespective of the muscle group investigated. Following training intervention, greater strength-velocity values of the trunk muscles were observed in the study group, compared to the control group. There were no significant changes in postural parameters or correlations for trunk muscle function within spinal curvatures before and after the training interventions. When both groups were combined (Nordic walking + general exercises), functional-postural correlations following the intervention showed a statistically significant tendency toward a reduced inclination of the upper thoracic section, together with increases in all tested functional parameters of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles (r = –0.33 to r = –0.37). Conclusions: Compared to a standard general exercise programme, Nordic walking is more effective for improving isokinetic trunk muscle endurance in women after breast cancer. However, no changes in sagittal spinal curvatures were observed after the 8-week Nordic walking and general exercise interventions.

3

Leg strength and power in Polish striker soccer players

Buśko K., Górski M., Nikolaidis P. T., Mazur-Różycka J., Łach P., Staniak Z., Gajewski J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 2

109--116

EN

The main goal of the present study was to examine muscle strength and power of dominant and non-dominant leg, knee extensors and flexors, and their correlations with jumping performances in soccer players. A secondary aim was to evaluate muscle sense. Methods: 31 male professional strikers (age 20.9 ± 2.3 years, body mass 75.1 ± 6.6 kg, body height 179.5 ± 4.7 cm) participated in the study. The power output of lower extremities and the height of rise of the body mass centre during vertical jumps were measured using a force plate. The maximum muscle torque of the flexors and extensors of the knee were measured under isometric conditions using a special isometric torquemeter. Force sense was measured in isometric conditions in two tests: (a) fifty percent of the maximal voluntary contraction was set as a value of target force and the participants were instructed to reproduce the target force, (b) the participants attempted to develop a torque reproducing a sine course within the range of 10 to 50% of MVC performed. Results: A direct relationship was observed between the peak muscle torque in knee extensors developed during isokinetic contraction at all velocities and power and height of three types of vertical jumps ( p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between jumping performance and muscle torque under isometric condition. No differences were found in strength and jumping abilities as well as in force sense between dominant and non-dominant legs. Conclusions: This study offered a comprehensive and complete evaluation of leg muscle strength, sense and power, with the use of using force plate and isokinetic dynamometry.

4

Izokinetyczna ocena ekscentrycznej siły mięśni grupy tylnej i przedniej uda siatkarzy

Kabaciński J., Murawa M., Żyła T., Gorwa J., Dworak L. B.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2017

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z. 12

35--40

PL

W pracy określono wartości wybranych wskaźników ekscentrycznej siły mięśni uda siatkarzy w warunkach izokinetycznych. Ocenie poddano stosunek momentu siły hamstrings do quadriceps (H/Q) oraz bilateralny deficyt maksymalnego momentu siły mięśni (BD) dla prędkości kątowych 30°/s, 60°/s i 90°/s. Wartości maksymalnego H/Q zawierały się od 69.0% (90°/s) do 81.3% (30°/s), natomiast średniego H/Q od 68.6% (90°/s) do 78.7% (30°/s). Ponadto, stwierdzono nieistotny BD (poniżej 7%) dla obu zespołów mięśniowych.

EN

In the study the values of selected indicators of thigh eccentric isokinetic strength in volleyball athletes at angular velocities 30°/s, 60°/s and 90°/s was determined. The evaluation included the hamstrings to quadriceps torque ratio (H/Q) and peak torque bilateral deficit (BD). The peak H/Q values ranged from 69.0% (90°/s) to 81.3% (30°/s), whereas average H/Q values ranged from 68.6% (90°/s) to 78.7% (30°/s). Moreover, no significant BD values (less than 7%) were found for both muscle groups.

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Biomechanics of the shoulder girdle : a case study on the effects of union rugby tackles

Faria L., Campos B., Jorge R. N.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 3

115--127

EN

Purpose: The shoulder girdle is a complex system, comprised by a kinematic chain and stabilizers. Due to the delicate equilibrium and synchronism between mobility and stability, high external loads may compromise its physiology, increasing the risk of injuries. Thus, this study intends to fully characterize the effects of a rugby tackle on the shoulder’s anatomy and physiology. Methods: For the experimental procedures, a matrix of pressure sensors was used, based on the Teckscan® pressure in-soles, force plates, an isokinetic dynamometer and sEMG (surface electromyography). Results: The anterosuperior region of the shoulder girdle confirmed the highest pressure values during impact (100 kPa to 200 kPa). Also, the right and left feet performed a vertical peak force of 1286 N (1.4 BW) and 1998 N (2.21 BW), respectively. The muscular activity of the shoulder muscles decreased after performing multiple tackles. Conclusions: During a tackle, the clavicle, scapula, trapezius and acromioclavicular joint are the anatomical structures with higher risk of injury. Also, the strike force on the feet decreases for stability purposes. After performing multiple impacts the muscular activity of the trapezius and rotator cuff muscles decreases, which may lead, in the long-term, to instability of the shoulder and inefficiency of the scapulohumeral rhythm.

6

The influence of exercises under isokinetic conditions on heart rate in males aged between 40 and 51

Czamara A., Krzemińska A., Szuba Ł.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2011

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Vol. 13, no. 3

95-104

EN

The aim of the study was to estimate changes in heart rate (HR) values in response to the exercise under isokinetic conditions, with defined protocol using three different angular velocities and 2 minute break. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group contained 18 males aged between 40 and 50, and the second group contained 20 males who were 20–30 years old. The heart rate was monitored before, during and after the strength moment measurement under isokinetic conditions of extensors and flexors of knee joint. The strength moment was measured with an angular velocity of 180 °/s, 120°/s and 60 °/s. The number of repetitions of extension and flexion of the knee joint was 10 for the angular velocity of 180 °/s, 8 for the angular velocity of 120 °/s and 5 for the angular velocity of 60 °/s. The break between each series of repetitions took 2 minutes. The peak torques for extensors and flexors of both lower extremities were measured. The peak torque and heart rate values increased with a decrease in the preset angular velocity and were lower in the second group. The results were within the norm accepted for submaximal heart rate index in both age groups.