Zgodnie z przepisami dotyczącymi ochrony radiologicznej, prowadzenie leczenia izotopowego dawkami jodu promieniotwórczego powyżej 800 MBq wymaga hospitalizacji w warunkach oddziału radioizotopowego. Uruchomienie takiego oddziału wiąże się ze spełnieniem szeregu wymogów dotyczących pomieszczeń, wyposażenia w urządzenia diagnostyczne i mierniki promieniowania, zapisanych w rozporządzeniach wykonawczych do ustawy Prawo atomowe. Aby uruchomić taki oddział, należy uzyskać zezwolenie Prezesa Państwowej Agencji Atomistyki na prowadzenie działalności związanej z narażeniem na promieniowanie jonizujące oraz zgodę na udzielanie świadczeń medycznych Głównego Inspektora Sanitarnego.
EN
According to regulations on radiation protection, the management of treatment of radioactive iodine isotope doses above 800 MBq requires hospitalization in the conditions of radioisotope branch. Launching such a branch demands meeting a series of requirements such as premises supplied with diagnostic equipment as well as radiation meters, which is recorded in the executive regulation to the state of Atomic Agency. To run such a branch, and carrying out activities involving exposure to ionizing radiation must by authorized by the President of the National Atomic Energy Agency as well as the consent to the provision of medical services by the Chief Sanitary Inspector must be given.
The kinetic parameters of the tritium exchange between H2 * S(D2 * S) or MeSH*(MeSD*) and MeOH(MeOD) vapours on PTFE and glass surface were measured. The *HH/*DD kinetic isotope effects are significantly lower than those for the reaction of phosphines with methanol. The kinetics of deuterium exchange between ButSH and EtOD in solutions of C6D12 and CD3CN had been studied and HH/DD isotope effect was evaluated. It appeared to be smaller than that in the vapours. These results suggest that contrary to the exchange reactions in phosphine, the elementary reaction of HH-transfer in four center transition state is not the rate limiting step and H-bond formation as well as diffusion controlled processes should be taken into account.
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Sediments of palaeolakes located in eastern Poland representing the Mazovian Interglacial (Holsteinian) and the initialpart of the succeeding Middle-Polish glaciation (Saalian) are unique in Europe. These sediments are very thick (up to 55 m) and homogeneous, composed of lake marl and calcareous gyttja. They are thoroughly interpreted in terms of geological and palaeobiological studies (palynology, macrofossils, diatoms and malacofauna) and represent continuous deposition. Analysis of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in these deposits and of the shells of the malacofauna enables interpretation of the changes in the palaeoclimate and sedimentary environment that occurred in lake basins during this part of the Pleistocene. Maximum [delta]^18O (-3,6 promille) and minimum values of [delta]^13C (-6,4 promile) correspond to the first part of the interglacial optimum, while minimum delta^18O values (-10,1 promile) and maximum delta^13C values (10,0 promile) correspond to the coldest period, directly preceding the following glaciation. Climatic changes are well ducumented by isotopic curves correlated with the result of pollen analysis. The isotopic curves indicate relatively cool climatic conditions at the climaticoptimum of the Mazovian Interglacial. This may have been caused by increased atmospheric precipitation that led to deepening of the lakes and/or by influx of ground waters enriched in light isotopes. In the upper part of the successions,coresponding to the initial stage of the following glaciation, the concentration of 18^O and 13^C increases, which was probably associated with the lake shallowing and with enrichment in heavy isotopes through evaporation under conditions of a cool steppe climate and/or with the redeposition of "warm" interglacial deposits from shore areas exposed as the result of lake shallowing. The isotopic curves clearly illustrate changes in the relative influence of maritime and continental air circulation during the Mazovian Interglacial. The studied lakes were oligo- or mesotropic with dominant influence of continental air circulation before the interglacial climatic optimum. Maritime air circulation prevailed during the interglacial climatic optimum and the lakes became eutrophic. Cyclic climatic cooling during the post-interglacial period is recorded in oxygen isotopic curves trending towards their lower values. The carbon isotopic curves reach higher values, which is related to climatic cooling and shallowing of the lakes, caused by their infilling with deposits.
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The research was carried out to determine the origin of carbon dioxide and to track the possible isotopic evolution of carbonated waters of the flysch Carpathians. Carbon isotopic composition (-9.2 preomile
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