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1
Content available remote Analiza przyczyn drgań i iskrzenia szczotek wirnika turbogeneratora synchronicznego
Biernacki M., Majewski P.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2017
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R. 93, nr 11
21--24
PL
Przedstawiono problem z rzeczywistym układem szczotkowym. Dokonano symulacji przebiegów napięć i prądów w obwodzie statycznego tyrystorowego układu wzbudzenia. Wykonano szereg prac pomiarowych i badawczych oraz zaproponowano rozwiązanie problemu nadmiernych drgań i iskrzenia szczotek, zasilających wirnik turbogeneratora.
EN
This paper introduces to the real brush system problems in the synchronous generator rotor. The current and voltage were simulated and the thyristor excitation system was analyzed. The proposals of the solution of the rotor supplied brush sparking problem are presented.
2
Content available Błędy w pomiarach procesów iskrzeniowych komutatorowych maszyn prądu stałego
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2010
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Nr 86
203-206
EN
The computer system connection with a sparking analiser enabled the evaluation of the brush-commutator sparking junction in reference to a particular portion of the commutator. To assess the sparking some mathematical indicators were applied, which reflect light signals. The measurements results of the conducted research are always different from the real figures. The physical figures measurements are capable to establish only the estimates which contain errors. In this article an attempt to a discussion of the errors committed at conducting the measurements by means of the opto-electronic method was presented.
3
Content available Zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych do redukcji stopnia iskrzenia w elektrycznych maszynach komutatorowych prądu stałego
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2008
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Nr 80
185-187
EN
The paper presents a possible application of the capabilities of methods and techniques of ANN artificial intelligence for diagnostics of sparking processes in electric direct current commutator machines. Hitherto applied methods of diagnostics, usually based on the visual observation of sparking, depend on the expert's knowledge and experience. The expert interprets current data obtained from observation. The drawback of this approach lies in its dependence on the expert's knowledge and experience, which makes the data difficult to use for further processing. That is why, apart from improving methods, it is necessary to find a way to objectify the sparking processes in the detection and assessment of damage as well as reduction of the level of sparking of brushes.
4
Content available Koncepcja systemu ekspertowego monitorowania i diagnostyki elektrycznych maszyn komutatorowych prądu stałego
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2008
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Nr 80
189-191
EN
The paper presents a concept of realization of an expert system for monitoring and diagnostics of electric direct current commutator machines. A perceptron regulator of the current of commutation poles is sometimes incapable of eliminating or reducing the sparking of brushes. This may be due to mechanical or other additional factors, which were not taken into consideration in the process of instruction of the artificial neural network ANN described in the previous paper. That is why the application of a damage detector will allow to control states of emergency or machine failures and to inform the system operator or shut down.
5
Content available Diagnostyka procesów iskrzeniowych komutatorowych maszyn prądu stałego w czasie rzeczywistym
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2007
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Nr 77
181-184
EN
A new method of commutation diagnosing based on the investigation of processes that appear at the junction between a brush and a commutator, as well as the results of the investigation are presented in the present article. Additional sparking was observed when disordering the commutation poles. Simultaneously, based on the author's original method, real-time research was conducted with the use of a brushes' sparking analyser connected to a computer system. The numeric research results were presented in the form of two cases' characteristics, the former being the case of non-sparking commutation area immaterially exceeded, the latter- of so-called commutation fire on the commutator's circuit formed by the sparks.
6
Content available Analiza procesów iskrzenia w maszynach komutatorowych prądu stałego w oparciu o matematyczne wskaźniki iskrzenia
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2007
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Nr 77
177-180
EN
The paper presents mathematical apparatus in the form of indicators that makes possible to describe sparking processes forming at the moving contact of brush bridges with commutator bars at the 'oncoming' and 'leaving' sides in direct-current commutating machines. The formulated mathematical dependences make possible to observe and analyze sparking distribution of each single commutator bar in the course of a whole measuring cycle or during an arbitrarily selected revolution or a few successive revolutions of the commutator within the measuring cycle. Boundary values of the proposed sparking indicators have also been given.
7
Content available Fiziko-matematiceskaa model’processa frikcionnogo iskroobrazovania
Iwanow J. S.
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza
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2007
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Nr 2
57--64
PL
W artykule omówiony został fizyko–matematyczny model iskrzenia sprzęgła ciernego. Z procesem iskrzenia związana jest możliwość miejscowego podwyższenia temperatury i przekazywania energii, która może być przyczyną pożarów.
8
Content available remote Forming of technological and mechanical properties of casted aluminium machine parts
Dudyk M.
Advances in Manufacturing Science and Technology
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2007
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Vol. 31, nr 4
93-105
EN
A method of research and obtained results that concern an effect of applied purifying processes on the variations of technological and mechanical properties, were described in this paper. The carried-out processes of purifying by the refining and modifying as well as the filtration and heat treatment, have affected the kinetics of crystallization process and structure and led to the improvement of mechanical properties (Rm, A5 and KCV) and the decrease in the porosity of aluminum alloys. The original research concerning the impact spark ability has proved the possibility to obtain adequately purified castings that can be applied in conditions of explosive threat. The applied processes of purifying by the modification and filtration and heat treatment allow to obtain from the charges materials of low quality, the aluminum castings of adequate high mechanical and technological properties that satisfy the buyers' requirements.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodykę badań i otrzymane wyniki dotyczące wpływu zastosowanych procesów uszlachetniania na zmiany właściwości mechanicznych i technologicznych. Przeprowadzone procesy uszlachetniania, poprzez rafinację i modyfikację oraz filtrację i obróbkę cieplną, wpłynęły na zmianę kinetyki procesów krystalizacji, struktury, a przez to na poprawę właściwości mechanicznych (Rm, A5 i KCV) i zmniejszenie porowatości stopów aluminium. Wykonane oryginalne badania dotyczące skłonności do iskrzenia udarowego wykazały możliwość otrzymywania odlewów odpowiednio uszlachetnionych, które mogą być stosowane w warunkach zagrożenia wybuchowego. Zastosowane procesy uszlachetniania, poprzez modyfikację i filtrację oraz obróbkę cieplną, pozwalają na uzyskanie z materiałów wsadowych o niskiej jakości odlewów aluminiowych o odpowiednio wysokich właściwościach mechanicznych i technologicznych, spełniających wymagania stawiane przez odbiorców.
9
Content available Przykład zastosowania optoelektronicznego analizatora iskrzenia do badania komutacji maszyn prądu stałego
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2006
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Nr 75
213-216
EN
The paper presents example application of an optoelectronic analyzer of sparking to test commutation on a physical model of a typical d.c. machine. Prior to the sparking measurements mechanical testing of the commutator geometry taking into account irregularities of each individual bar has been performed. Next, commutation testing has been performed with the application of the proposed algorithms for sparking evaluation. Testing of commutation properties of a d.c. machine has been performed at feeding conditions that simulated feeding by a static frequency changer. Results of measurements and calculations have been presented in graphical and numerical forms.
10
Content available Analiza matematyczna wyników iskrzenia maszyn komutatorowych prądu stałego
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2005
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Nr 72
253-256
EN
The paper presents mathematical apparatus in the form of indicators that makes possible to describe sparking processes forming at the moving contact of brush bridges with commutator bars at the 'oncoming' and 'leaving' sides in direct-current commutating machines. The formulated mathematical dependences make possible to observe and analyze sparking distribution of each single commutator bar in the course of a whole measuring cycle or during an arbitrarily selected revolution or a few successive revolutions of the commutator within the measuring cycle. Boundary values of the proposed sparking indicators have also been given.
11
Content available remote Monitorowanie iskrzenia styku szczotka-komutator w maszynach prądu stałego za pomocą optoelektronicznego analizatora iskrzenia
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2003
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Nr 65
149-152
EN
Computer aided optoelectronic analyzer of sparking is a device to be used for the identification of sparking of individual commutator sections, for the registration of sparking intensity, and for direct processing of the registered signals. Test results obtained by means of the analyzer confronted witch numerical calculations of currents in commutating coils ( detailed parameters of a machine known ) confirm good applicability of the analyzer to comparatively "objective" assessment of commutation quality of d.c. machines. Meter circuit of the analyzer that operates contactlees with regard to the tested machine ensures its immunity to parasite interference of electromagnetic character caused by commutation phenomenon. Electronic systems and wide-band amplifiers process the observed spark light spectrum into output electrical signals proportionally to the sparking intensity. The spectrum of registered light signals well corresponds to the impression of human eyes observing brush sparking that used to be the basis for subjective assessment of commutation quality.
12
Content available remote Komputerowe algorytmy do oceny iskrzenia rejestrowanego za pomocą optoelektronicznego analizatora iskrzenia
Zieliński W.
Maszyny Elektryczne : zeszyty problemowe
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2003
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Nr 66
125-128
EN
Faulty operation of a brush-commutator contact usually is manifested by sparking. Hence, commutation evaluation can be performed on the basis of a brush sparking record. Polish standards recommend an application of a five-grade scale of sparking at commutation evaluation. It is a subjective method that cannot be applied to compare sparking of individual machines and also is dependent on external lighting as well as on perceptiveness and experience of its observer. An objective evaluation of brush sparking and indirectly, of commutation qualities of a machine is possible by means of a computer-supported optoelectronic analyzer. Such an analyzer makes it possible to realize a series of algorithms for processing light signals that contain information about a number of sparks in a measuring cycle and about their intensity that is analyzed into ten classes. It makes possible to evaluate sparking of individual commutator bars as well as of the whole commutator at each subsequent revolution and at the whole measuring cycle and also to control the rotation speed. The paper presents selected computer-processed sparking indicators such as a number of sparks in a measuring cycle, weighted number of sparks, and intensity of a commutator spark The indicators make it possible to evaluate sparking degree on individual commutator bars by calculating simple mean values of light signals or weighted means for the whole measuring cycle of a brush-commutator contact in dc machines Moreover, limit values for the mentioned indicators have been determined.
13
Content available remote Ocena zapalności iskrzenia pary trącej
Latoś H.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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1999
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z. 39
203-205
PL
W artykule przedstawiono porównawczą ocenę zapalności iskrzenia ruchowej pary trącej. Dokonuje się tego na podstawie porównań liczby i wielkości śladów, jakie pozostawiają iskry na papierze rozpostartym prostopadle do ich ruchu. Podano przykład zastosowania tego sposobu do oceny względnej zapalności iskrzenia dwóch odmian wstawek klocków hamulcowych pojazdów szynowych.
EN
The paper deals with comparative kinetic frictional pair inflammability sparking estimation. It has been done on the ground of comparisons the leaving numbers and tracks size sparks behind the perpendicular spread uot paper to its motion. It has been also presented the application example that manner to inflammability sparking relative estimation with two modifications pad break shoe of rail-vehicles.
14
Content available remote Iskrzenie stopów aluminium
Dudyk M., Ciućka T., Pezda J., Wasilewski P.
Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji
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1998
|
Vol. 18, nr spec
85-93
PL
W pracy przedstawiono badania dotyczące iskrzenia stopów aluminium (AK2O, AK9 i AK64)naniesionych w postaci rozmazu na skorodowaną stal. Wyniki zilustrowano fotografiami iskier wytworzonych przez dany stop. Porównano także częstość iskrzenia badanych stopów poddanych takiej samej liczbie doświadczeń. Stopy aluminium poddano różnym procesom uszlachetnienia struktury (tj. rafinacji i modyfikacji).
EN
The investigations of the sparking of aluminium alloys (AK2O, AK9 and AK64) spreaded in the form of a smear on a rusty steel have been presented in this paper. The findings of an investigation have been illustrated in form of photographs of created sparks wchich were generated by given alloy. A sparking rate for investigated alloys using the same number of experiments has been also compared. The investigated aluminium alloys have been structural purified using different processes (i.e. refining and modification).
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