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Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes sul1, tetA, blaGES, and mexF in Sapon Irrigation Canal and Aquaculture Pond in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia

Ikhrami Mohamad Aji, Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika, Putra Masagus Muhammad Prima

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

85--92

EN

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have recently become an emerging environmental contaminants. The aquatic environment, such as a river has already become the most polluted environment and can be a driver of ARGs. The water from irrigation canal has the potential to become a hotspot of ARGs through contamination from river pollutants carried along to the irrigation canal. However, the information regarding the cross-contamination of ARGs in fish farming systems integrated with irrigation canal in Indonesia needs further study. This study investigated the occurrence of ARGs sulfonamide (sul1), tetracycline (tetA), beta lactam (blaGES), and multi drug resistance (mexF) from body water samples along the irrigation canal and aquaculture ponds which utilize irrigation water for cultivation. Sampling sites are located in the Kulon Progo Regency (Indonesia) and samples were taken during the rainy season. Gene amplification was performed using Multiplex PCR. The results showed that sul1, tetA, and blaGES were detected in 67%, 63%, and 55% of all samples. Meanwhile, mexF was only found upstream and downstream irrigation canals, which accounted for 25% of the total samples. The results of this study indicated that the Sapon Irrigation Canal has the potential to cause the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

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Calculation of effective hydraulic parameters of concrete irrigation canals

Fatxulloyev Alisher, Rakhimov Qudratjon, Allayorov Davronjon, Samiev Luqmon, Otakhonov Makhsud

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

14--20

EN

When taking water from pre-mountain rivers, for transferring of large amounts of river sediments, rich in mineral fertilizers, along with water to crop fields through irrigation networks requires high sediment transport capacity and deformation resistance from irrigation networks. The projecting and construction of irrigation canals with these features in the foothills requires concreting the canal. The high content of river sediments in the Sokh River (5 kg∙m-3) and the low efficiency of the Right Bank Irrigation Reservoir (10-15%) require high hydraulic efficiency of water intake canals from this system. The main challenge is to reduce costs in concreted canals and ultimately ensure technical superiority. In the research were used generally accepted research methods in hydraulics, in particular field research and consequently, mathematical analysis. Kokandsay, Kartan and Bachkir irrigation canals were accepted as the object of research, the canals were designed on the basis of the best hydraulic section, the canal side slope was taken as a variable parameter and the technical and economic efficiency was checked using computer software. As a result, it was found that the consumption of concrete raw material for 1 running meter can save 0.2-0.3 m3, depending on the adoption of the canal side slope, the acceptance of the slope of the canal wall at values 1-1.5 will increase up to sedimentation 10%.

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An innovative idea : Injection valves for irrigation ducts

Benin Dmitrii M., Snezhko Vera L.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

220--224

EN

More than 4.6 mln ha in the Russian Federation are irrigated. Their culvert hydraulic structures are part of network structures and are the most widespread. After the crisis of the 1990s, proper maintenance of many reclamation systems was impossible due to a lack of funds. This led to the loss of about half of the water taken from irrigation sources in irrigation canals. The planned increase in the technical level of irrigation systems requires the automation of the operation of both the entire system as a whole and separately located culverts. This will avoid significant losses of water supply for irrigation and prevent water shortages with the insufficient discipline of water users. Means of hydraulic automation of water supply are being installed on small irrigation canals in Russia. A water flow regulating valve is proposed, with no mechanical movinparts, and gates are not involved in the control process. The operation of the structure is based on the injection effect, in which excess water entering the downstream with a decrease in water consumption begins to circulate between the outlet section of the transit pipe and the diffuser at the end section of the valve. Using the methods of measuring hydrodynamics and the theory of jet devices, theoretical dependences were obtained, which make it possible to determine the main hydraulic characteristics of the structure. The design form of the flow part of the regulator has been developed and a physical model has been made. In a mirror hydraulic flume, the operation modes of the water outlet were studied with and without regulation. The actual values of hydraulic parameters were obtained, which confirmed the validity of the use of theoretical dependencies. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results is within the experimental error. It has been proven that it is possible to circulate excess water between the downstream and intermediate pools of the regulator.