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Historical water-powered ferrous metallurgy reconstructed from tree-rings and lacustrine deposits (Mała Panew Basin, southern Poland)

Malik I., Wistuba M., Opała M., Franek M., Woskowicz-Ślęzak B., Mańczyk G., Tyrol Cz.

Geochronometria

2015

Vol. 42, no.1

79--90

According to historical sources in the basin of Mała Panew River there were at least 56 water- powered iron smelters from 14th–19th century. Now only two metallurgy plants work in the area. Many of the former smelting settlements ceased to exist. Historical data on the smelting industry in the area are often scarce. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the history of ferrous metallurgy from (1) the remains of wooden historical buildings, (2) remains of charcoal kilns and (3) deposits from former smelter pond. Results show that Regolowiec smelting settlement existed already in the 17th century (at least several decades earlier than historical written sources suggest) and was later repaired after destruction caused probably by floods. Charcoal used for iron smelting in the ironworks in Brusiek on the Mała Panew River was burnt at the turn of the 18th century. This is in accordance with historical sources indicating particular prosperity of the metallurgy in that period. Upstream of the ironworks in Brusiek in the first half of the 17th century a large pond existed flooding the floor of the Mała Panew valley. Study has shown that the pond was at least 100 years older than historical sources have indicated.

Formy aktywności człowieka wpływające na stan lasów Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego i otuliny w ujęciu historycznym

Gorajska J.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

2014

nr 25

99-109

W opracowaniu podjęto próbę określenia wpływu różnych aktywności człowieka na stan lasów Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego i jego otuliny. Do podstawowych przejawów działalności gospodarczej zaliczono starożytne hutnictwo żelaza, rozwój osadnictwa i z związane z nim rolnictwo, hutnictwo szkła, gospodarkę leśną, a także współczesny, masowy ruch turystyczny. Ustalono, że odbywały się one na dwóch etapach: 1 – okres wielofunkcyjnego, nieplanowanego użytkowania zasobów leśnych liczony w tysiącach lat(ostatnie 2000 lat) oraz 2 – okres planowej gospodarki leśnej (ostatnie 200-250 lat).

The article attempts to determine the impact of various human activities on the state of forests of the Świętokrzyski National Park and its buffer zone. The basic forms of economic activity include ancient iron smelting, gradual development of human settlements and related to it agriculture, glass melting, forest management, as well as mass tourist movement It was stated that they were held in two stages: 1 – the period of multifunctional and unplanned using of forest resources measured in thousands of years (the last two millennia) and 2 – the period of planned forest management (the last 200-500 years).