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PL
W pracy przedstawiono statystyczną ocenę wpływu temperatury powietrza oraz inwersji termicznych (dolnych i górnych) na stężenia pyłu zawieszonego PM10 i PM2,5 oraz dwutlenku siarki w Gdańsku, Wrocławiu i Warszawie w okresie kalendarzowej zimy XII-II w 2016/17 r. Wykazano, że w analizowanym sezonie zimowym temperatura powietrza w przygruntowej warstwie powietrza (do 200 cm) wywierała silny wpływ na zmienność stężeń dwutlenku siarki i pyłu zawieszonego obu frakcji w każdym mieście, zwłaszcza w porze nocnej (19.00-6.00). Niekorzystny wpływ na wielkość analizowanych zanieczyszczeń miała przede wszystkim miąższość dolnych warstw inwersyjnych, podczas gdy zjawiskiem jednoznacznie korzystnym dla dyspersji zanieczyszczeń, była duża miąższość dziennej warstwy mieszania, uwarunkowana wysokim zaleganiem podstawy inwersji górnych.
EN
The study presents statistical evaluation of the effect of air temperature and thermal inversion (surface and elevated) on concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 and sulphur dioxide in Gdańsk, Wrocław and Warsaw during calendar winter (December–February) in 2016/17. It was shown that in the analysed winter period, air temperature in the ground layer (up to 200 cm) strongly influenced variability in concentrations of sulphur dioxide and both fractions of particulate matter in each city, particularly in the night-time (7 p.m.- 6 a.m.). Negative effect on the amount of analyzed pollutants were mainly the thickness of surface inversion layers. However, large thickness of day-time mixing layer determined by high altitude of the base of elevated inversion had a markedly positive effect on dispersion of pollutants.
EN
Paper presents results of investigations on temperature inversions, carried out during XIX Antarctic Expedition PAS in 1995, Temperature values taken from thermograph readings at Arctowski Station (3 m asl) and Point Thomas (173 m asl, situated 850 m, WNW from Station) were used to find periods of time with temperature inversions, Seven cases, analysed in this paper. Were selected as deep inversions (mean temperature gradient counted from hourly values was higher than 1°C/100 m), All presented inversions were radiation type, accompanied by calms and relatively small total nebulosity, except three cases, when nebulosity was the effect of inversion Influence of local orographic conditions on deepening temperature inversions is strong, but the main factor for it's forming is anticyclonic situation in the region of South Shetland Islands (accompanied by calms) and sea ice conditions. All analysed inversions were fonned during months with fast ice cover existence in Admiralty Bay and very close ar close ice fields on Bransfield Strait. In other ice conditions deep temperature inversions were not recorded, Minimum air temperatures at Arctowski Station recorded in July, August and September 1995 were measured during inversions. Maximum difference in air temperature between Point Thomas and Arctowski Station was recorded on July 22 (l4°C), These cases let to make conclusion, that probably all extremely low temperatures recorded during severe winters at Arctowski Station were measured in inversion conditions.
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