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2 2001

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Warunki synoptyczne występowania inwersji termicznych w Krakowie w sezonie jesienno-zimowym

Trepińska J., Skublicka L.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

2001

Z. 4

351-361

The temperature inversions often appear in Cracow, especially during cold season (October--March). In this article the cases of appearance of temperature inversions in the years 1988-1998 were analysed, on the basis of data from Science Station of Department of Climatology at Jagiellonian University, situated at the Botanical Gardens. The thermometric measures done on height of 0,05, 0,50, 2,00 and 12 meters above ground level at 7.00 and 13.00 CET were used. The thermic structure in 12-meters air layer is complicated and the variety of negative lapse rate (inversion) is very high. The inversions were connected with types of synoptic situations. The calendar of the types of synoptic situations was prepared by T. Niedźwiedź. The thermic gradient in air layer between 0,05--0,50 m equals over 600°C/100 m. In air layer 0,05-0,50 m a. g. 1. the inversion were -26,l°C/100 m at 7.00 CET. The surface inversions are rather shallow. The temperature inversion appears during different synoptic situations, but the high frequency was at antycyclonic and cyclonic west type of synoptic situation and high wedge. At morning the high frequency of inversion was in March but at 1 p. m. in December.

O dynamice lagun liberyjskich w czasie pory suchej

Strupczewski W.G., Osuch M.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

2001

Z. 4

339-349

Paper reports findings on hydrological regime of Liberian lagoons during dry season collected during over two years staying in Liberia. While traveling along shoreline in Liberia one has to cross several rivers' mouths, which are very shallow during a dry season. Hydro-meteorological processes and sea activity control process of closing and opening of rivers mouths. Although the closure of the mouth of big rivers has never been recorded, such tendency is observed at the end of dry season. In his way along seashore, one is passing by a countless number of coastal lagoons with their own drainage area. The lagoons are in the various stage of development in respect to sea-lagoon communication: Two-way communication. It is a rule during rainy season. Downstream communication only. Sea is open for lagoon, while lagoon is closed for the sea in the advanced stage of the construction of sand bar, excluding short period of high tides. Upstream communication only. The sand bar is so high that it prevents lagoon from reaching the sea. No water exchange between sea and lagoon. Liberian lagoons show unusual phenomenon of thermal inversion. There are several pits in lagoon where the temperature of the bottom layer is 3-6°C warmer tan the surface layer. The behavior of the Po river during dry season is described. The river of such size spans a gap between big Liberian rivers discharging into the sea and coastal lagoons with small catchment and in particular between fluvial and stemmed lagoons. The presented description of lagoon dynamics in respect to storage of mass, energy as well as thermal and salinity stratification shows that there are still some new challenging scientific problems, which calls for multidisciplinary investigation.