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Distribution Patterns of Ambient Air Quality Pre- and During Pandemic in the Urban Area of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Brontowiyono Widodo, Sihayuardhi Ergiansyah Reezqiana, Maziya Fina Binazir, Hakim Luqman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 10

116--128

This study identified the spatial distribution pattern of the ambient air quality in the Yogyakarta Urban Area. It was performed to determine the distribution pattern of SO2, CO, and NO2 concentrations for 2016–2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (during pandemic). Furthermore, the spatial analysis was performed using the Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method. This study proved that spatial modeling using this method has good accuracy, and it is easier to map the distribution pattern of ambient air quality. In 2020, most of the locations met the quality standard (62.64%). As a result, the SO2 and CO parameters immediately showed that most conditions are satisfactory. In 2016, the SO2 parameters met the quality standards at 74.24% of locations. In 2020, the number increased to 85.71%. In addition, the CO parameter reached the quality standard at 81.82% of locations in 2016 and a perfect level of 100% in 2020. This occurred due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because most human and business activities decreased drastically. Therefore, all studies can be used as the basis for air quality modeling and post-COVID-19 predictions. This study is also important as a policy material in the monitoring and management system of ambient air quality in urban areas.

Spatial and temporal assessment of surface water quality using water quality index The Saguling Reservoir, Indonesia

Marselina Mariana, Sabar Arwin, Fahimah Nurul

Journal of Water and Land Development

2021

no. 49

111--120

Developments in agriculture, industry, and urban life have caused the deterioration of water resources, such as rivers and reservoirs in terms of their quality and quantity. This includes the Saguling Reservoir located in the Citarum Basin, Indonesia. A review of previous studies reveals that the water quality index (WQI) is efficient for the identification of pollution sources, as well as for the understanding of temporal and spatial variations in reservoir water quality. The NSFWQI (The National Sanitation Foundation water quality index) is one of WQI calculation methods. The NSFWQI is commonly used as an indicator of surface water quality. It is based on nitrate, phosphate, turbidity, temperature, faecal coliform, pH, DO, TDS, and BOD. The average NSFWQI has been 48.42 during a dry year, 43.97 during a normal year, and 45.82 during a wet year. The WQI helped to classify water quality in the Saguling Reservoir as “bad”. This study reveals that the strongest and most significant correlation between the parameter concentration and the WQI is the turbidity concentration, for which the coefficient correlation is 0.821 in a dry year, and faecal coli, for which the coefficient correlation is 0.729 in a dry year. Both parameters can be used to calculate the WQI. The research also included a nitrate concentration distribution analysis around the Saguling Reservoir using the Inverse Distance Weighted method.