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Allelopathy of Native Pinus massoniana Lamb. on Invasive Species: Stronger Effect on Amaranthus retroflexus L. than on Celosia argentea L.

Li Chuang, Li Yue, Xu Zhelun, Zhong Shanshan, Liu Jun, Xu Zhongyi, Zhu Mawei, Wei Yuqing, Wang Congyan, Du Daolin

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

103--114

EN

Most allelopathic studies have focused only on the allelopathy of invasive plants on the growth performance of native plants, while neglecting the allelopathy of native plants on the growth performance of invasive plants, especially species that can co-invade the same ecosystem. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathy of the native plant Pinus massoniana Lamb. on the seed germination and seedling growth of two invasive Amaranthaceae species, Celosia argentea L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. using a germination bioassay. Pinus massoniana showed significant allelopathy on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species. The allelopathy of P. massoniana on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species may be attributed to the effects of the generated stress on their germination activity. Pinus massoniana exhibited stronger allelopathy on the seed germination and seedling growth of A. retroflexus than on that of C. argentea. Thus, the invasiveness of A. retroflexus is expected to be lower than that of C. argentea in contact with P. massoniana. The allelopathy of P. massoniana on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species under the co-cultivated conditions was stronger than that under the monocultural conditions. Accordingly, the aqueous extract of P. massoniana can be considered a potential bioherbicide for the control of the two invasive Amaranthaceae species, particularly when both species co-occuring.

2

Colonization by Robinia pseudoacacia of various soil and habitat types outside woodlands in a traditional Central-European agricultural landscape

Ivajnsic D., Cousins S., Kaligaric M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

301-309

EN

The invasiveness of Robinia pseudoacacia, one of the most invasive alien tree species in the agricultural landscapes of Central Europe, was studied in relation to its colonization of various soil and habitat types. The study area was a traditional agricultural landscape in Goricko Landscape Park (Slovenia), a hilly region, where half the territory is covered by forests and where R. pseudoacacia is also common. Habitat mapping in the field with a resolution of two meters was applied and further elaborated in GIS. It revealed 1307 patches colonized by R. pseudoacacia and belonging to 11 habitat types, covering 0.6% of the total study area. The most widespread were pure R. pseudoacacia stands, representing 69% of the total patch area. R. pseudoacacia is also abundantly present in small woodlots (19%) and in lowland and collinar riverine willow scrub (6%). The patches vary little in fractal dimension; the elongation index is highest in lowland and collinar riverine willow scrub, stream ash-alder woods and mixed stands. The most frequently invaded soil is pseudogley, with more than 38% of the total surface, followed by 21% for fluvisol and 17% for eutric cambisol. We confirmed that distance from nearest woodland is important, since almost 32% of the invaded patches are found at a distance of 1-100 meters from closed woodland.

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Effect of Lead Nitrate on a Population of the Nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev Developing in the Body of its Host Galleria mellonella L.

Jarmuł J., Kamionek M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2002

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Vol. 9, nr 4

367-371

EN

Performed studies enabled to understand the effect of lead nitrate on the successive elements of a food chain: food (wax) - insect (G. mellonella) - nematode (S.feltiae). Lead nitrate was added to wax, which was then given to test insects. After 5 days, test insects were infected by the IJs of S. feltiae at a dose of 50 ind. per insect. Viability of the tested insects and changes in the growth of S. feltiae inside the host were analyzed. Additionally, insect's tissue, feces and food were analyzed for the presence of lead. Changes in the insect viability, in the invasiveness of S. feltiae and in the sexual structure of nematode population were adopted as criteria to assess the effect of lead nitrate.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły poznać wpływ azotanu ołowiu na kolejne elementy łańcucha pokarmowego: pokarm (woszczyna) - owad (G. mellonella) - nicień (S. feltiae). Do woszczyny dodano azotan ołowiu i karmiono nią owady testowe. Po 5 dniach owady testowe porażono IJs S. feltiae w dawce 50 sztuk na owada. Zbadano żywotność owadów testowych oraz zmiany w rozwoju S. feltiae wewnątrz żywiciela. Wykonano również analizę fizykochemiczną na obecność ołowiu w tkankach żywiciela, w jego odchodach oraz po karmie. Jako kryteria oceny wpływu azotanu ołowiu przyjęto: oddziaływania na przeżywanie żywicieli nicieni (owady), zmianę w inwazyjności S. feltiae, kumulację metali ciężkich w tkankach żywicieli.

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Effect of Lead Compounds on the Intensity and Extend of Infection of Galleria mellonella L. Caterpillars by Entomopathogenic Nematodes Steinernema Feltiae Filipjev

Jarmuł J., Kamionek M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2001

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Vol. 8, nr 6

601-607

EN

The effect of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] and lead acetate [Pb(CH3COO)2 x 3H2O] on mortality and invasive properties of the lJs of Steinernema feltiae was studied. The properties are the basis of biopreparation "Ovinema" produced by the garden farm Owińska near Poznań. Applied concentrations of lead ions were: 0.40, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 ppm. Observations were carried out during 120 hours. Mortality of the test insects exposed to the contact with lead treated nematodes as well as the intensity and extent of invasion were determined. Much lower insect mortality was found under experimental conditions than in the control. S. feltiae exposed to lead ions exhibited smaller invasiveness. The effect of anionic groups was negligible.

PL

Badano wpływ azotanu ołowiu [Pb(N03)2] i octanu ołowiu [Pb(CH3COO)2 x 3H2O] na śmiertelność i inwazyjność IJs S. feltiae stanowiących bazę biopreperatu "Ovinema". Zastosowano stężenia ołowiu: 40, 100, 500, 1000, 5000 ppm. Obserwacje prowadzono przez 120 godz. Oznaczono śmiertelność owadów testowych poddanych kontaktowi z nicieniami traktowanymi jonami ołowiu oraz ekstensywność i intensywność inwazji. Stwierdzono znacznie mniejszą śmiertelność owadów w warunkach doświadczenia niż w kontroli oraz obniżenie inwazyjności S.feltiae po kontakcie z jonami ołowiu. Działanie grup anionowych było nieznaczne.