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Promoting Biodiversity: Vegetation in a Model Small Park Located in the Research and Educational Centre

Winkler Jan, Jeznach Jerzy, Koda Eugeniusz, Sas Wojciech, Mazur Łukasz, Vaverková Magdalena Daria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

146--157

EN

University campuses, as important elements of urban greenery, are related with a positive impact on student health and well-being. They provide unique possibilities for estimating biodiversity change. This study focused on the biodiversity in the Campus. The study aimed at: assessing the plant biodiversity occurring in the park; assessing the representation of native species and determining the frequency at which invasive species occur; as well as recommending an adaptation of the park management. The Park was sub-divided into biotopes and a phytocoenological relevé was recorded. Park projects create biodiversity islands that may contribute to improve urban space. A species composition that is close to natural vegetation creates a space for native species, which thus better adapt to living in urban conditions. Localities created by humans, which imitate natural ecosystems, increase the biodiversity and are valuable natural islands in cities. The semi-natural phytocoenoses however, do not resist the occurrence of invasive plant species. Regarding the small size of the studied park, manual elimination or cutting of invasive plant species is sufficient.

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Growth of invasive plant species communities as a substantial issue in post-mining land development

Olszewski Paweł

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

193--205

EN

This article concerns the issue of the appearance and growth of invasive plant species in land degraded by hard coal mining as well as the repercussions of this process, particularly in the context of land reclamation. These species, such as e.g. Canadian goldenrod or Japanese knotweed, which nearly always form extensive and monocultural patches of vegetation, contribute to the displacement of both native species and those introduced as part of biological restoration. In 2015, the Central Mining Institute in Katowice prepared a land development concept for a part of the area of the former KWK Paryż mine in Dąbrowa Górnicza (Upper Silesian Industrial Region - Poland), based on its resources and potential, encompassing the „Jadwiga” dump and its vicinity. The presented actions scenarios did not fully factor in the issue related to the growth and control of invasive plant species. Studies of the growth of invasive species communities, conducted from 2015 to 2019 with the use of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles), revealed the significant propagation of the Japanese knotweed Polygonetum cuspidati (Moor 1958) Th. Müller et Görs 1969 ex Görs 1974 association as well as the Canadian goldenrod Solidago canadensis community. Their elimination increases the cost of the reclamation by 18%.

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Carpobrotus Management in a Mediterranean Sand Dune Ecosystem: Minimum Effective Glyphosate Dose and an Evaluation of Tarping

Fos Mariano, Sanz Borja, Sanchis Enrique

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 7

57--66

EN

At a global scale, biological invasions represent one of the most important threats to biodiversity conservation. The Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) genus, which is native to South Africa, has been introduced into five different continents and is particularly invasive in many coastal habitats. The application of glyphosate avoids some problems associated with manually controlling Carpobrotus over large spatial scales. However, before this practice can be extended and its impact minimized, its effectiveness under different application conditions must be assessed first. Thus, glyphosate was sprayed at different concentrations (0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 g/m2) on experimental plots with 100% Carpobrotus coverage to determine the minimum effective dose. Tarping was also evaluated as an alternative method for Carpobrotus management over reduced areas. Thus, four different weed-control fabric types were tested: black anti-weed fabric, sewn felt, black G-300 polyethylene, and Fijavert coconut-anti-weed matting on experimental plots with 100% Carpobrotus coverage. The obtained results showed that the minimum effective dose of glyphosate which prevents Carpobrotus regrowth in dune ecosystems was 0.4 g/m2. It was also shown that at least three months of tarping were required under winter conditions to produce complete Carpobrotus plant wilting and thus, prevent their regrowth. No significant effect on Carpobrotus growth was observed in terms of the fabric type used for the tarping tests. The presence of native species seedlings in the experimental plots after the death of the Carpobrotus plants following the application of herbicides or tarping was also monitored.

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Wdrażanie "Programu rolnośrodowiskowego" II edycji na użytkach zielonych w powiecie Grajewo

Kamiński J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2012

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T. 12, z. 3

77-91

PL

W pracy oceniono funkcjonowanie pakietów przyrodniczych "Programu rolnośrodowiskowego" II edycji na użytkach zielonych w części doliny Biebrzy na terenie powiatu Grajewo. W latach 2008-2011 działaniami rolnośrodowiskowymi objęto 2 427 ha trwałych użytków zielonych. Na przeważającej części tych użytków (83,4%) wdrażano pakiet 3. "Ekstensywna gospodarka na łąkach i pastwiskach". Mniejszy udział przypadał na pakiety, służące ochronie zagrożonych gatunków ptaków i siedlisk przyrodniczych - poza obszarami Natura 2000 (pakiet 4.), na obszarach Natura 2000 (pakiet 5.). Z pakietów tych najczęściej realizowano wariant 1. "Ochrona siedlisk lęgowych ptaków", rzadziej warianty siedliskowe: "Półnaturalne łąki wilgotne", "Szuwary wielkoturzycowe", "Mechowiska" i "Zmiennowilgotne łąki trzęślicowe". Ustalono, że wybierając określony pakiet lub wariant, rolnicy kierowali się głównie względami praktycznymi, takimi jak: złożoność procedur, możliwości dostosowania użytkowania do określonych wymogów, dostęp do ekspertów przyrodniczych oraz wysokość dopłat za działalność rolnośrodowiskową. Stan siedlisk łąkowych, objętych działalnością rolnośrodowiskową w ramach wariantów siedliskowych pakietów 4. i 5., był dość zróżnicowany i zależny głównie od historii użytkowania łąk w okresie poprzedzającym przystąpienie do Programu oraz warunków wilgotnościowych. Zróżnicowany był zwłaszcza udział niepożądanych w runi gatunków inwazyjnych, do których zaliczono nitrofilne ziołorośla, charakterystyczne dla klasy Artemisietea, trzcinę pospolitą (Phragmites Australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.), siewki oraz podrosty drzew i krzewów. Fitocenozy bagienne, zaliczone do wariantu "Mechowiska" oraz szuwary wielkoturzycowe wykazały większą naturalną odporność na wkraczanie roślinności inwazyjnej niż zbiorowiska typowo łąkowe, zaliczone do wariantu "Zmiennowilgotne łąki trzęślicowe" i "Półnaturalne łąki wilgotne".

EN

Functioning of biological packages of the II edition of "Agro-environmental programme" on grasslands in part of the Biebrza River valley in the Grajewo county was assessed in the paper. Agroenvironmental activities involved 2 427 ha of permanent grasslands in the years 2008-2011. On prevailing (83.4%) part of these grasslands package 3: "Extensive management of meadows and pastures" was implemented. Smaller share fell to packages devoted to the protection of endangered Bird species and natural habitats both outside (package 4) and in (package 5) the areas of Natura 2000. From among these packages the most frequently realised was variant 1 "Protection of breeding grounds of birds", less frequently were realised the habitat variants: "Semi-natural wet meadows", "Tal--sedge rushes" "Sphagnum bogs" and "Molinia meadows". It was found that when selecting a given package or variant, farmers were mainly guided by practical reasons such as: complexity of procedures, possibility of adaptation of land use to definite requirements, access to biology experts and the amount of subsidies to agro-environmental activity. The status of meadow habitats involved in agro-environmental activity within habitat variants of packages 4 and 5 was quite differentiated and depended mainly on the history of land use before the access to the programme and on moisture conditions. Particularly differentiated was the share of undesired invasive species like nitrophilous herbs of the class Artemisietea, the common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.), seedlings and young trees and shrubs. Bog communities classified to the variant "Sphagnum bogs" and tall-sedge rushes showed a higher natural resistance to invasive vegetation than typically meadow communities classified to variants "Molinion meadows" and "Semi-natural wet meadows".

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Obce inwazyjne gatunki roślin w krajobrazie dolin Świdra i Rządzy

Kołaczkowska Ewa

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2010

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nr 13

152--163

PL

Celem pracy było udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy istnieje charakterystyczny zbiór obcych inwazyjnych gatunków roślin związanych z dolinami małych rzek mazowieckich oraz jakie typy zbiorowisk roślinnych i związane z nimi sposoby użytkowania ziemi w dolinach gatunki te preferują. Do badań wytypowano doliny Świdra i Rządzy. W dolinie Świdra zanotowano występowanie 14 gatunków inwazyjnych, zaś w dolinie Rządzy – 11. Gatunki te odnajdywano wzdłuż całej długości Świdra, natomiast wzdłuż Rządzy tylko na odcinkach najgęściej zaludnionych, w sąsiedztwie zabudowy. Wśród gatunków inwazyjnych dominowały: klon jesionolistny (Acer negundo), kolczurka klapowana (Echinocystis lobata), niecierpek drobnokwiatowy (Impatiens parviflora) i nawłoć późna (Solidago gigantea). Gatunki inwazyjne koncentrowały się na brzegach rzek, w zbiorowiskach gdzie powstaje najwięcej luk, takich jak okresowo zalewane ziołorośla czy prześwietlone bory mieszane oraz użytkowane rekreacyjnie łęgi.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the assembly of invasive alien plant species specific for small river valleys in Masovia Lowland and to identify the vegetation and land‐use types facilitating the spread of these species. The field survey was conducted in Świder and Rządza valleys, where 14 and 11 invasive species were identified respectively. The most abundant ones were: Acer negundo, Echinocystis lobata, Impatiens parviflora and Solidago gigantea. The invasive species were observed along the whole studied course of Świder, yet in Rządza valley only along the sections of the highest human population density and located close to the settlements. The invaders reached the highest cover rate in the temporal overflooded tall herb fringe communities as well as in the intensively penetrated by humans riparian forests or sparse mixed pine forests. Abovementioned land‐cover types are rich in environmental gaps which occur due to either natural processes or human activities.