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Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Monitoring Device Using K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithms

Munadi R., Sussi S., Fitriyanti N., Ramadan D. N.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2022

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Vol. 68, No. 1

13--18

EN

The invasive method of medically checking hemoglobin level in human body by taking the blood sample of the patient requiring a long time and injuring the patient is seen impractical. A non-invasive method of measuring hemoglobin levels, therefore, is made by applying the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and the Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation (ANN-BP) algorithm with the Internet of Things-based HTTP protocol to achieve the high accuracy and the low end-to-end delay. Based on tests conducted on a Noninvasive Hemoglobin measuring device connected to Cloud Things Speak, the prediction process using algorithm by means of Python programming based on Android application could work well. The result of this study showed that the accuracy of the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm was 94.01%; higher than that of the Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation algorithm by 92.45%. Meanwhile, the end-to-end delay was at 6.09 seconds when using the KNN algorithm and at 6.84 seconds when using Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation Algorithm.

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Distribution and Management of the Invasive Exotic Species Ambrosia Trifida and Sicyos Angulatus in the Seoul Metropolitan Area

Kim K. D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 5

27--36

EN

We investigated the status of invasive exotic plants disturbing the ecosystem of the Seoul metropolitan area and examined the management of such plants. We selected our study sites based on those used in previous studies and on information in databases. All flora were classified into 57 families and 211 species; we evaluated 253 plant communities. The representative, invasive exotic species were Sicyos angulatus, Lactuca scariola, Ambrosia trifida, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Eupatorium rugosum. Stands of A. trifida ranged in area from 214 to 16,882 m2 and were present in riparian zones, road and forest edges, slopes, and other open habitats at all sites, covering an average of 37.87% of all study areas. In Gwangju, Ansan, and Anyang cities and in Yeoncheon-gun, A. trifida coverage was >50%; the total mean coverage was near-continuous along the Han and the South Han rivers, broken only by cliffs in some riparian zones, and anthropogenic constructions. A. trifida and S. angulatus require careful management because of extensive growth, shading, and twining. The biodiversity of native species may be conserved by physical eradication of these plants. We describe the extents and distribution patterns of these two representative invasive exotic species in the enormous urban ecosystem of Seoul.

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Predicting the potential invasive range of raccoon in the world

Farashi A., Naderi M., Safavian S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 4

594--600

EN

Invasive alien species are considered to be one of the most important causes for the extinction and the reason for diminishing of the wild native species. Considering that nowadays the raccoon (Procyon lotor, Linnaeus 1758) is found in several European and Asian countries where it can amplification its ranges remarkably, but it is actually native to North and Central America. Here, we use the Maxent model to generate a preliminary map of the potential distribution of the raccoon around the world and enumerate its relative risk of invasion across all countries. In a study, MaxEnt predicted a significantly large area as the eco-climatically suitable habitat for the raccoon in the world. The predicted habitats are consistent with the wide-ranging habitat associations of the raccoon in its well-established sites. The results identified the hotspots of the raccoon invasion and indicated the possible dispersal pathways. Results also showed that both precipitation and temperature variables were strongly correlated with the raccoon distribution and the species would be absent in cold environments with average sub-zero temperatures.

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Impact of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis on blue mussel Mytilus edulis trossulus – laboratory studies of claw strength, handling behavior, consumption rate, and size selective predation

Wójcik D., Normant M., Dmochowska B., Fowler A.

Oceanologia

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2015

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No. 57 (3)

263--270

EN

We examined the claw strength, handling behavior, consumption rate, and size selective predation of the invasive Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis feeding on native Baltic Sea blue mussels Mytilus edulis trossulus during 24 h laboratory experiments. Single starved crabs were offered 15 mussels (five mussels in three length classes) at a time. The total number of mussels consumed by a single crab increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the experimental time from 1.7 ± 0.7 # mussels crab−1 h−1 after 4 h to 0.2 ± 0.7 # mussels crab−1 h−1 after 24 h. The highest consumption rate was observed within the first 4 h, and it decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the experiment. This was most likely due to the crabs being starved before the start of the experiment. E. sinensis can also harm blue mussel shells by crushing them without further consumption. The mean daily damage, and not consumption, by a single crab was 0.9 ± 1.4 of 11–40 mm mussels. The claw strength of E. sinensis ranged from 1.50 to 20.43 N (mean 8.51 ± 5.93 N) and was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with sex and both claw size and carapace size. The study showed that E. sinensis may be able to impact the native M. edulis trossulus population abundance in the coastal Baltic waters either through direct predation or indirect mortality by damaging (crushing) the shell.

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Population structure, morphometry and individual condition of the non-native crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841), a recent coloniser of the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea)

Hegele-Drywa J., Normant M., Szwarc B., Podłuska A.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (4)

805--824

EN

The aim of this study was to characterise the introduced North American Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii, which occurs in the Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland (southern Baltic Sea). Of the 920 specimens caught between 2006 and 2010, males and females made up 44 and 40% respectively, whereas juveniles (<4.4 mm carapace width) comprised 16%. Overall carapace widths ranged from 1.96 mm to 21.40 mm (mean 9.03±4.11 mm). Ovigerous females (mean 11.12±2.76 mm) were present in the population from June to October. Most of the adult specimens collected (n = 158) had carapace widths between 10.1 and 12.0 mm. The wet weight of R. harrisii varied from 0.005 to 4.446 g (mean 0.410±0.569 g). Females exhibited a negative allometric increase in weight (b = 2.77), males an isometric increase in weight (b = 3.02). The condition factor (K) in R. harrisii varied from 0.02 to 0.08 (mean 0.05±0.01).