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An overview of the distribution and ecology of the alien cyanobacteria species Raphidiopsis raciborskii, Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides and Chrysosporum bergii in Europe

Šuikaitė Izabelė, Vansevičiūtė Gelminė, Koreivienė Judita

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 3

312--332

EN

Cyanobacteria can form blooms and pose a threat tothe functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Cyanobacterial invasions are expected to increase due to climate change. Alien species cause a decline in biodiversity by displacing native species, lead to extinctions, affect food webs,and produce cyanotoxins which potentially impact theenvironment and human health. Three species, Raphidiopsis raciborskii, Sphaerospermospis aphanizomenoides and Chrysosporum bergii, are considered non-native to European waters. Recently, they have expanded their native habitats and become established in temperate lakes. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the countries where they are distributed and the occurrence of the blooms in Europe. We discuss the biotic and abiotic environmental factors that influence their establishment, as well as the characteristics of the species that make them so adaptable in non-native habitats. Understanding the interplay of these factors willallow us to better recognise patterns of invasiveness and predict their future threats to ecosystems.

2

Monitoring Research on Invasive Species of Bedbug (Corythucha ciliata Say) in green areas of Kyiv

Lisovyy Mykola, Chumak Petro, Pikovskyi Myroslaw, Sykalo Оksana, Zhuravel Serhii, Trembitska Oksana, Klymenko Tetiana, Vagaliuk Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

1--7

EN

Samples for research were selected in the course of route surveys of plants of the Botanical Garden named after. acad. A.V. Fomin, National Botanical Garden. N. Grishko National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and parks, squares, street plantations of plane trees inKyiv. Platanus identification using the lacemaker's bug (Corythucha ciliate Say), uses a light microscope and a smartphone with the «Magnifier Cam software». For the first time,we found damage to the leaves of the plane tree Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) by the bug Corythucha ciliata Say in Kyiv. This is the northernmost border of the phytophage distribution in Ukraine. The phytophage was found in six of the nine surveyed habitats of Platanus acerifolia (50°41'83'' N, 30°56'37'' E; 50°43'99''N, 30°51'83''E; 50°26'99'' N, 30°94'99'' E; 50°26'42''N, 30°32'01''E; 50°39'35''N, 30°50'66''E; 50°38'22''N, 30°47'73''E). The bug was not found in the Botanical Garden named after acad. A.V. Fomin. A high degree of sycamore bug damage was observed on plants growing in habitats. 50°39'35''N, 30°50'66''E (4.7 point) and 50°38'22''N, 30°47'73''E (2.9 point). Bedbugs prefer the south side of the trunk for wintering (72.3% of individuals). The ratio of females and males on the southern side was 2,5/1, on the northern side – 1,7/1. The bug Corythucha ciliata, being under the cork cambium in winter, survives in the natural environment when the temperature drops to -22 °С (duration – four days).

3

A new dimension of war : fake news, propaganda and misinformation in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict

Nan Gabriela-Bianca

Security Review

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2022

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nr 1 (22)

3--10

EN

In the last decades, technology has evolved considerably worldwide. With access to technology, people began to use social media platforms and read more and more information in various fields, information that was or was not verified. People use every means to share information, such as articles, advertisements, pictures and videos, to ensure they reach as many people as possible. The most important area that has negative results and affects the world’s population is armed conflict. Dissipating false information is a contemporary method of warfare, which is still used today in the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. This paper aims to inform readers about fake news, propaganda and misinformation that occurs both online and offline about this invasion.

4

Predicting the potential invasive range of raccoon in the world

Farashi A., Naderi M., Safavian S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 4

594--600

EN

Invasive alien species are considered to be one of the most important causes for the extinction and the reason for diminishing of the wild native species. Considering that nowadays the raccoon (Procyon lotor, Linnaeus 1758) is found in several European and Asian countries where it can amplification its ranges remarkably, but it is actually native to North and Central America. Here, we use the Maxent model to generate a preliminary map of the potential distribution of the raccoon around the world and enumerate its relative risk of invasion across all countries. In a study, MaxEnt predicted a significantly large area as the eco-climatically suitable habitat for the raccoon in the world. The predicted habitats are consistent with the wide-ranging habitat associations of the raccoon in its well-established sites. The results identified the hotspots of the raccoon invasion and indicated the possible dispersal pathways. Results also showed that both precipitation and temperature variables were strongly correlated with the raccoon distribution and the species would be absent in cold environments with average sub-zero temperatures.

5

Impact of Invasive Aster lanceolatus Populations on Soil and Flora in Urban Sites

Obratov-Petković D., Bjedov I., Nešić M., Belanović Simić S., Đunisijević-Bojović D., Skočajić D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 2

289--295

EN

Invasive plants are one of the major treat to local communities and ecosystems in urban habitats. Aster lanceolatus Willd. is one of the most spreading invasive plant species in Serbia and to examine its impact on soil, flora and aboveground biomass in urban habitats we investigated the pH, electrical conductivity and concentration of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn) in four invaded and four uninvaded plots in urban habitats. We also studied floristic composition and floristic richness regarding these invasive plant populations. These parameters were assessed along transects arranged in the cross shape, running from the centre of the invaded area towards the peripheral uninvaded area. Trace elements were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical differences were analysed using ANOVA and post-hoc LSD-tests. The results showed an important decrease of the number of species and herbaceous cover under A. lanceolatus populations. There were no statistically significant differences between invaded and uninvaded patches when soil pH and electrical conductivity were considered. The concentration of Zn, Mn and Ni in the soil was higher in invaded areas. The content of Zn in aboveground biomass collected from invaded compare to uninvaded areas was higher. This study raises the possibility that invasive species changes soil characteristics and create conditions for their spreading.

6

Distribution and invasiveness of a colonial ascidian, Didemnum psammathodes, along the southern Indian coastal water

Jaffar H. A., Akram A. S., Arshan M. L. K., Sivakumar V., Tamilselvi M.

Oceanologia

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2016

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No. 58 (3)

212--220

EN

Ascidians are well known worldwide for their rapid invasions and also for the presence of potential biomedical molecules. Members of the family Didemnidae are widely distributed in tropical waters and they are reported to be among the families possessing rich bioactive compounds. Didemnum psammathodes has a cosmopolitan distribution in tropical waters. The growing evidence of multifarious potential and ever increasing invasion of this species accentuated the need for additional research into its diversity and distribution for sustainable utilization and conservation. The present study was intended to focus on distribution and invasiveness of colonial ascidian, D. psammathodes, along the southern Indian peninsular waters. The present data are based on our own observations made during 2012–2014 period and also on the published and unpublished records of the last 20 years. Out of 45 stations surveyed, D. psammathodes was encountered at a maximum of 41 stations and was found to be more abundant in Hare Island (n = 42), North Break Water (n = 38) and Vizhinjam bay (n = 32). This species was absent at four different stations. Catch per unit effort was higher (19.6) in Hare Island followed by NBW (16.0) and Vizhinjam bay (6.8). The highest number of colonies (136) was observed in calcareous stones, followed by embedded rocks (54) and molluscan shells (33). Hydrographical parameters showed no significant differences between the stations (p < 0.005). It is concluded that D. psammathodes has the potential to invade most of the stations and its distribution was not influenced by hydrographical parameters rather than substrates.

7

Wpływ budowy profilu najazdu skoczni narciarskiej na reakcję normalną działającą na skoczka podczas zjazdu

Filipowska R.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2015

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R. 22, nr 12

515--519, CD

PL

Obecnie projektowane i budowane skocznie narciarskie tworzone są w oparciu o wytyczne FIS. Pomimo to każda skocznia jest inna. Różnią się one wymiarami poszczególnych elementów oraz ich kątami nachylenia. Na przykładzie sześciu dużych skoczni (K-120) pokazano, że dwa elementy mają wpływ na wartość reakcji w punkcie sąsiadującym z progiem: promień krzywizny w tym punkcie oraz długość rozbiegu od najniższego położenia belki startowej do początku progu. Dodatkowo dla każdej z rozpatrywanych skoczni została zaproponowana modyfikacja profilu najazdu. Dzięki niej możliwe byłoby obniżenie reakcji normalnej tuż przed progiem. Mogłoby to ułatwić skoczkom precyzyjne wyjście z progu i oddanie długiego skoku.

EN

The in-run profiles of the ski jumping hills designed and constructed nowadays are created based on the standards FIS, nonetheless each ski jumping hill is different. They differ in the dimensions of the various components and angles of inclination. Taking into consideration the six large ski jumping hills (K-120) demonstrated, that two components have impact on the value of the normal reaction force at the point bordering on the take-off table: the radius of curvature at this point and the length of the in-run from the lowest start place to beginning of the take-off table. Additionally, for each considered ski jumping hill was proposed the modification of the in-run profile. Thanks to that it would be possible to reduction of the normal reaction force before the take-off table. This could facilitate for the ski jumper to take off and per-form a good jump.

8

Rotifer invasion? On appearance and abundance of tropical species in lakes of North-Eastern Poland

Ejsmont-Karabin J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 4

821--827

EN

Trichocerca simoneae De Smet described in 1989 has since been found in tropical and subtropical areas, but was not recorded in Poland before World War II. A bibliography of Polish rotifers by Wiszniewski (1953), although very comprehensive, does not refer to T. simoneae. However, in the studies of plankton of the dystrophic lake, i.e. humic one with water rich in humic acids, acidic pH and brown coloured, carried out in the years 1998–2000, the species dominated. Here, studies in 39 small, inter-forest lakes of north-eastern Poland revealed T. simoneae in 15 of them, often at high densities, up to ca 6000 ind L-1. The possible reasons for this ‘invasion’ are: (1) zooplankton communities in dystrophic lakes are unsaturated with biotic interactions too weak to exclude invaders; CCA and RDA analyses showed that T. simoneae preferred habitats with low number of zooplankton species of low density and dystrophic lakes seem to offer such habitats; (2) long-term deposition of rotifer resting eggs is probably more successful in sediments decaying at low rates. The latter possibility seems to be confirmed by observed in the littoral zone of dystrophic lakes appearance from time to time, of rare, mostly tropical species of Rotifera (e.g., Lecane hornemnni, L. monostyla, L. sola).

9

Para zagrożeniowo-ochronna jako element szacowania bezpieczeństwa obiektu i ryzyka

Szczepański P.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2014

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Vol. 63, nr 4

233-257

PL

W pracy parami zagrożeniowo-ochronnymi są wirtualne elementy obiektu, rzutujące na jego zdolności ochronne przed konkretnymi zagrożeniami. Skutkiem ukierunkowanej inwazji każdej z tych par jest spowodowanie jakiejś niezdatności. Neutralność pary osiąga się w sytuacji pełnego spokoju lub pełnej ochrony przed przypisanym tej ochronie zagrożeniem. Naruszenia neutralności (charakteryzowane prawdopodobieństwami) są przyczynkami do określenia: bezpieczeństwa obiektu, ryzyka serwisowania i ryzyka rekompensat za czas postoju. Zauważa się, że wyniki pracy mogą służyć także wielu innym zagadnieniom, np. optymalizacji pełnych warunkowych programów diagnozowania.

EN

The paper presents a concept of threat protection pairs as virtual elements of a structure of an object, to indicate its potential capacity to safeguard against specific risks. Neutrality of the pair occurs in a situation of full calm or full protection against the threat assigned to this situation. Degrees of the neutrality violation (defined by the probabilities) are the inputs to determine: the object security and the risk of servicing and risk of compensation for the downtime. It can be noted that the results of the work may be used for many other issues, e.g. to optimize the full conditional programs for diagnosing.

10

Segregation in sympatrically nesting red-winged starling Onychognathus Morio (L.) and European Starling Sturnus Vulgaris L.

Kopij G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 3

589-595

EN

If two related species come into contact, it could be expected that, in order to coexist, they will either shift their niches apart from each other or one species will replace the other in the course of ever growing competition. Recently, two starling species, the indigenous Red-winged Starling and the exotic European Starling, came into contact in some places in Lesotho (southern Africa). In this paper, some breeding parameters of these species have been compared in an area of their co-occurrence. Studies were carried out in an urbanised habitat in Lesotho, in four consecutive breeding seasons (August-March) during the years 1998-2001. The average density of the Redwinged Starling was 13.8 pairs 100 ha[^-1], while that of the European Starling was 9.3 pairs 100 ha[^-1]. The proportion of the Red-winged Starling to European Starling breeding pairs (1.0:0.7) was strikingly constant over the four consecutive breeding seasons. Most Red-winged Starling breeding territories (78%, N = 56) were located within builtup areas, while most European Starling territories were located either within built-up areas (25%) or on the border of built-up areas and open areas (59%, N =41). Most Red-winged Starling nests (96%) were situated in buildings (N = 46), while European Starling nests were located both in tree holes (43%) and in buildings (57%, N = 28). Both starling species show high nest site tenacity. The Red-winged Starling daily activity pattern during the nestling phase differed considerably from that of the European Starling. Although both starling species do not overlap their feeding niches and daily and seasonal activities, their sympatric occurrence in urbanised habitats may be limited, if suitable nesting sites are lacking.