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A method for quantification of lung resistive and compliant properties for spirometry interpretation support -Tests on a virtual patient

Gólczewski T., Pałko K. J.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 33, no. 3

136--144

EN

The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the fundamental index in obstructive lung disease diagnosis, depends on both resistive (RP) and compliant (CP) properties of the respiratory system (RS). The study aim was to test initially a method that could differentiate their influence to aid spirometry interpretation during screening examinations. Tests were done on a virtual RS elaborated previously. After respiratory muscle relaxation, a part of air was exhaled passively to an added compliance (Cad) or through an added resistance (Rad). The CP and RP were estimated from mouth pressure changes under different conditions of RS and measurement (different obstruction severities, various Cad and Rad values, etc.). Measurements had to be performed after maximal inspiration to avoid dependence of results on the lung volume. The Cad maneuver enabled to estimate the CP properly. Inertances and bronchi collapse caused pressure fluctuations, whereas bronchi reopening modified pressure rise after airflow interruption. Rad > 0.8 kPa s/L eliminated these problems and made the RP estimation independent from the Rad value and the CP. The calculated value of resistance depended on both airway resistance and parenchyma viscosity (like FEV1) and viscosity of other tissues. Since collapse instantaneous observation in real patients is impossible, initial but extensive tests illustrating influence of the collapse on measurement could be done only on a virtual RS.

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Telemedical system "pulmotel-2010" for monitoring patients with chronic pulmonary diseases

Polak A. G., Głomb G., Guszkowski T., Jabłoński I., Kasprzak B., Pękala J., Stępień A. F., Świerczyński Z., Mroczka J.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 4

537-547

EN

Telemedicine is one of the most innovative and promising applications of technology in contemporary medicine. Telemedical systems, a sort of distributed measurement systems, are used for continuous or periodic monitoring of human vital signals in the environment of living. This approach has several advantages in comparison to traditional medical care: e.g. patients experience fewer hospitalizations, emergency room visits, lost time from work, the costs of treatment are reduced, and the quality of life is improved. Currently, chronic respiratory diseases comprise one of the most serious public health problems. Simultaneously patients suffering from these diseases are well suitable for home monitoring. This paper describes the design and technical realization of a telemedical system that has been developed as a platform suitable for monitoring patients with chronic pulmonary diseases and fitted to Polish conditions. The paper focuses on the system's architecture, included medical tests, adopted hardware and software, and preliminary internal evaluation. The performed tests demonstrated good overall performance of the system. At present further work goes on to put it into practice.

3

Analysis of properties of a lung mechanical model during artificial ventilation using measurement station

Jakuszkin K.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 3

427-438

EN

The paper shows the usefulness of the lung mechanical model for time and frequency characteristics reconstruction proper for the mechanics of an adult human respiratory system in its various regimes of work. The complex set-up for measurements of human respiratory system mechanics is presented. Two separate scenarios were created, firstly, the mechanical model was examined using standard mechanical ventilation routine with embedded Interrupter Technique and then the Optimized Ventilator Waveform technique was tested. An analysis of experimental results is presented, as well as an outline of the issues and problems revealed during investigations.

4

A forward model of the respiratory system during airflow interruption

Jabłoński I., Mroczka J.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2009

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Vol. 16, nr 2

219-232

EN

The paper presents a methodology of complex electrical model formulation for the respiratory system during airflow interruption. Adequacy of both structural and parametric description to the real physiological system has been taken care of. Properties of the valve-transducer unit, upper airways, bronchial tree, lung tissue chest wall and abdomen have been noted in an equivalent description of the electrical circuit. The resulting analog, combining more than 180 parameters, gives the possibility to imitate conditions of normal breathing and airflow interruption. A qualitative verification of the model has been conducted in the time and frequency domain, based on reported numerous experimental findings. The proposed linear description of the respiratory system can be the source of synthetic data for a verification of the interrupter method and for the procedure of model reduction to its identifiable form.

5

Frequency indexes of respiration during interrupter experiment

Jabłoński I., Mroczka J.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 2

153-163

EN

A new issue of the respiratory mechanics evaluation by the frequency mode of the interrupter technique is undertaken in the paper. The aim of the computer-aided research is to show the abilities to separate airways and tissue properties of the respiratory system. The proposed evaluation procedure of the identification quality in the modified DuBois model proves the possibility to conduct repeatable measurements of the important diagnostic indexes. The obtained precision of the parametric description of the investigated physiological system suggests the need to continue the work in the outlined direction. Their final effect can be a portable device with applicability to clinically diffcult subjects - infants and pre-school children.

6

System akwizycji danych przerwaniowych do oceny mechaniki oddychania

Jabłoński I., Mroczka J.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2007

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R. 53, nr 9 bis

406--409

PL

Artykuł zawiera opis sprzętowej i programowej konfiguracji stanowiska dedykowanego do pomiarów mechaniki oddychania techniką przerwaniową. Zainteresowanie pada tutaj na programowe rozwiązania dopuszczające elastyczne prace badawcze w obszarze kontroli układu oddechowego. Dla przedstawionego projektu wyznaczono dalsze kierunki rozwoju.

EN

The paper shows the description of the hardware and software configuration of the station, dedicated to respiratory mechanics measurements by the interrupter technique. Interest is located here in programming solutions allowing for flexible research in the area of the respiratory system control. For the presented project, it has been suggested further directions of development.

7

Interrupter valve kinematics in the issues of parameter estimation of the respiratory system model

Jabłoński I., Mroczka J.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 3

339-350

EN

The latest papers have been suggesting that the dynamics of transient state should be taken into account as the phenomena which occur in a respiratory system are interpreted (quantitatively and qualitatively). The infuence of geometry and closure valve characteristic on the precision of obtained estimators of its parameters has been analyzed in the paper for the chosen model structure of the system. Results of simulation studies show that minimalization of mean-squared uncertainty dMSE of the model elements estimation is obtained as valve closing (opening) time is shortened and its complete closure time is extended so that a linear increase in pressure Pao is included.

8

A station for the respiratory mechanics measurement by the occlusion techniques

Jabłoński I., Mroczka J.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 2

229-240

EN

In the paper, the stage for the evaluation of the respiratory mechanics by occlusion techniques is described. It consists of the hardware-software module of post-interrupter data acquisition, numerical procedures of the collected signal analysis and computational models, enabling a quantitative/qualitative verification of the relations between the lung structure, pathology and measurement results. Flexibility of the designed set-up guarantees the possibility to test the classical versions of the interrupter technique, its modified author's variant - enhanced interrupter technique and also the future developmental work in the appointed research area.

9

A multi-method approach to measurement of respiratory system mechanics

Polak A. G., Wysoczański D., Mroczka J.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2006

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Vol. 13, nr 1

3-17

EN

A multi-method system developed for complex investigations of lung mechanics is described. The system includes complementary measurement techniques such as forced oscillations, interrupter technique, methods for measurement of pulmonary mechanics during artificial ventilation and spirometry. These techniques are completed by computational models enabling an analysis of the relation between the lung structure, function, pathology and measurement results. This set-up is a first step towards a new-quality approach to research into the respiratory system via multi-method fusion.

PL

Układ oddechowy jest podstawowym systemem podtrzymującym funkcje życiowe organizmu człowieka. Wysoce złożona budowa płuc i wielorakość zachodzących w nich procesów powodują, że opracowano wiele metod badania układu oddechowego. Obejmują one zarówno techniki pomiarowe jak i modelowanie matematyczne. Każda z metod dostarcza innego zasobu informacji o płucach. Wydaje się, że ich połączenie może stanowić podstawę jakościowo nowego podejścia w badaniach nad układem oddechowym. Z tego też powodu zbudowano system łączący kilka uzupełniających się technik pomiarowych, takich jak wymuszone oscylacje, przerywanie przepływu powietrza, pomiar właściwości mechanicznych płuc podczas sztucznej wentylacji i spirometria. Techniki te wzbogacone zostały o zaimplementowane modele komputerowe płuc działających w różnych warunkach, pozwalające analizować związki pomiędzy ich strukturą, funkcjonowaniem, zachodzącymi procesami patologicznymi i wynikami pomiarów Skonstruowany system stanowi pierwszy krok w kierunku bardziej szczegółowego, wiarygodnego i wyczerpującego zrozumienia funkcjonowania układu oddechowego, bazującego na fuzji wyników wielu metod badawczych.

10

Computer-aided evaluation of a new interrupter algorithm in respiratory mechanics measurement

Jabłoński I., Mroczka J.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 26, no. 3

33-47

EN

The fIow interrupter technique is an attractive method of respiratory mechanics measurement. Lack of reliable algorithms for processing of the data measured as well as a low level of the routine informativity schemes disqualify the method as a useful tool in clinical and diagnostic practice. The theoretical basis of the enhanced interrupter technique (EIT) prepared by the authors is a chance to change the role of the technique in the set of available measurement methods. In the report, computer investigations showing an advantage of EIT over the most popular methods of the postocclusional data analysis, characterised in literature, are presented. Beside the evidence of an improvement of the basic algorithm informativity, also an increased accuracy of the results in the simulation experiment organised by the authors has been shown.