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Bottom Deposits of Stratified, Seepage, Urban Lake (On the Example of Tyrsko Lake, Poland) as a Factor Potentially Shaping Lake Water Quality

Augustyniak R., Neugebauer M., Kowalska J., Szymański D., Wiśniewski G., Filipkowska Z., Grochowska J., Łopata M., Parszuto K., Tandyrak R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 5

55--62

EN

The object of the study was Tyrsko Lake (area 18.6 ha, max. depth 30.4 m), located in the western part of Olsztyn (Olsztyn Lakeland). This lake is one of the clear water lakes in Olsztyn, but the progressive deterioration of water quality has been observed during recent years. The phosphorus concentration in the water-sediment interface, phosphorus fractions quantity and the amount of components which can bind this element was investigated in the upper (0–5 cm) layer of deposits. The aim of study was to analyze the potential influence of bottom sediment on the lake water quality. The obtained results revealed that the bottom sediment of Tyrsko Lake can be classified as mixed, silica-organic type, with a relatively high content of iron (over 4% Fe in d.w.). The total phosphorus content was ca. 3.5 mg P g,-1 d.w. on average. Phosphorus in the bottom sediment was bound mainly with organic matter (NaOH-nrP fraction), which had over 50% share in TP. Highly mobile fractions (NH4-Cl-P and BD-P) together only included ca. 5% to 7% TP. The obtained results show that the bottom sediment of Tyrsko Lake can bind phosphorus quite effectively. The calculated internal mineral phosphorus loading during summer stagnation period was 10.9 kg and it was lower that the assessed annual external phosphorus load (22.6 kg). The assessed annual phosphorus loading from both sources was still lower than the critical load according to Vollenweider criteria. However, due to the fact that the internal loading phenomenon is occurring in the lake, it should be taken into consideration that the lake water quality can deteriorate gradually during the longer time perspective. These findings should be accounted for in the future if the potential protection and restoration procedures will be developed.

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Phosphorus release from the bottom sediments of Lake Rusałka (Poznań, Poland)

Kowalczewska-Madura K., Gołdyn R., Dondajewska R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.4

135-144

EN

Experimental research conducted on bottom sediments from the eutrophic Lake Rusałka (Poznań, Poland) indicated that the phosphorus release process has a significant influence on the functioning of the ecosystem. Internal loading was very intense in the deepest part of the lake, where it reached up to 29.84 mg m^-2 d^-1 P under anaerobic conditions. This part of the lake, however, was insignificant to overall internal loading. The highest loading was from the lake shallows, which covered 92% of the bottom area. Total mean annual loading to the ecosystem was 1214.5 kg year^-1 P, i.e., 3.31 g m^-2 year^-1 P.

3

Internal phosphorus loading in selected lakes of the Cybina River valley

Kowalczewska-Madura K., Dondajewska R., Gołdyn R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.3

35-45

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of bottom sediments to release or accumulate phosphorus. Ex situ experiments with the use of undisturbed sediment cores were done in 11 lakes situated in the Cybina River valley (Wielkopolska, Poland). Phosphorus release was observed both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, however greater values were noted in the latter ones. Maximum values reached 41.4 mg m^-2 d^-1 P and 12.2 mg m^-2 d^-1 P in anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively.

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Phosphorus immobilization in Lake Głęboczek following treatment with polyaluminum chloride

Łopata M., Gawrońska H.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2008

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Vol. 37, No.2

99-105

EN

In 2001-2003, a survey was conducted of the effectiveness of restoration in the heavily eutrophic polymictic Lake Głęboczek, located in Tuchola. The application of the phosphorus inactivation method with polyaluminum chloride PAX 18 resulted in the complete removal of phosphates, and in a considerable (up to 50-60%) reduction of total phosphorus in the lake water. The sorptive capacity of the bottom sediments was enhanced after the restoration, particularly in the top layer (0-5 cm). An increase of the aluminum content and of mineral forms of phosphorus was observed, mainly the aluminum-bound fraction (at its greatest, by over 330%). The amount of mobile phosphorus in the sediments decreased by 40%. The evidence of the durable immobilization of phosphorus in the aquatic ecosystem was the limited phosphorus release from the bottom sediments. This was confirmed by a significant decrease of total phosphorus in the interstitial waters (from 4-6 mg dm-3 to 2-3 mg dm-3), and by a practically complete removal of phosphates from the near-bottom waters.

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Internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments of a shallow preliminary reservoir

Dondajewska R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2008

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Vol. 37, No.2

89-97

EN

The aim of the studies done in a shallow preliminary reservoir (western Poland) was to determine the intensity and seasonal variability of phosphorus release from bottom sediments. Ex situ studies were done using intact sediment cores taken in succeeding seasons at 3 research stations. The highest phosphorus loading was observed in spring (May and April), both in 2005 and 2006. The range of loading was between 23.7 and 66.6 mgP m-2 d-1. More intensive phosphorus release during warmer months was caused by microbiological decomposition of fresh organic matter, comprised of decaying filamentous algae from the previous vegetation season. Spatial variability resulted from differences in water depth between stations and in the biomass of filamentous green algae in 2005.

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Zooplankton phosphorus excretion in Swarzędzkie Lake (Western Poland) and its influence on phytoplankton

Kowalczewska-Madura K., Gołdyn R., Szyper H.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.1

3-16

EN

Zooplankton phosphorus excretion was studied in Swarzędzkie Lake in 2000-2002. Phosphorus excretion rates were high from spring through autumn, but low in winter. The highest value, 203.7 žgP l-1 d-1 (vertical profile mean), was recorded in June 2000. The mean rate was 26.6 žgP l-1 d-1 and was 10 times greater for rotifers than for both cladocerans and copepods. In most months, the calculated phosphorus excretion rate was greater than the sum of tributary external phosphorus loading and internal bottom sediment loading. Nevertheless, the influence of the zooplankton phosphorus excretion rate on yearly phytoplankton abundance, biomass and chlorophyll a was not statistically significant. Yearly variance in phytoplankton variables was best explained by a canonical variable composed of internal loading and zooplankton phosphorus excretion (total redundancy 32.8%).

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Influence of a multi-year artificial aeration of a lake using destratification method on the sediment-water phosphorus exchange

Brzozowska R., Gawrońska H.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2005

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Vol. 31, no. 3

71--88

EN

The research was conducted in a relatively small (26.8 ha) but quite deep (17.3 m) Lake Długie in Olsztyn, Poland. For over 20 years the lake was collecting sewage which eventually caused its complete degradation. In 1987-2000 the lake was restored using the artificial aeration method with destratification of water. The results showed that the artificial aeration effectively limited the internal loading. Application of this restoration method resulted in reduction of phosphorus compounds concentrations in the analyzed water strata. The decrease of TP in bottom sediments (to the level of 3-4 mg P g1 DW) was probably associated with the fact that a new layer of sediments was created, reflecting a change in the aquatic conditions caused by the restoration. The investigations conducted in the reference years showed that the changes were not permanent. A high concentration of phosphorus compounds in bottom sediments, low sorptive capacity and a tendency to oxygen deficiency, indicate that further possibility to decrease the amount of phosphorus compounds in the lake by this restoration method is limited.

PL

Badania prowadzono na małym (26,8 ha), lecz dość głębokim (17,3 m) Jeziorze Długim w Olsztynie. Przez ponad 20 lat jezioro było odbiornikiem ścieków, co doprowadziło do jego całkowitej degradacji. W latach 1987-2000 zbiornik był rekultywowany metodą sztucznego napowietrzania z destratyfikacją. Uzyskane wyniki badań pokazały, że sztuczne napowietrzanie skutecznie ogranicza zasilanie wewnętrzne. Zastosowanie tej metody rekultywaeyjnej poskutkowało obniżeniem stężeń związków fosforu w badanych warstwach wód. Obniżenie zawartości fosforu ogólnego w osadach dennych (do poziomu 3-4 mg P g1 s.m.) było prawdopodobnie związane z odłożeniem się nowej warstwy osadów, odzwierciedlającej zmienione przez rekultywację warunki środowiskowe w jeziorze. Badania przeprowadzone w latach kontrolnych pokazały, że zanotowane zmiany nic miały charakteru trwałego. Wysokie zawartości związków fosforu w osadach, niska pojemność sorpcyjna i tendencje do wyczerpywania tlenu w warstwach przydennych oznaczają, że możliwości dalszego obniżenia ilości związków fosforu w jeziorze za pomocą tej metody są ograniczone.

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Spatial variability and long-term changes of the trophic parameters in the Great Masurian Lakes (Poland)

Kufel I., Kufel L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1999

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Vol. 47, no 3

323-333

EN

Hydrologic division of the Great Masurian Lakes (North-eastern Poland) into the northen and southern drainage basin was found to be reflected in different trophic status of lakes. Chlorophyll (but not nutrient) concentrations in the northern part of the system were significantly lower than those in lakes of the southern part. It has been shown that tunnel-valley lakes (numerous in the southern watershed) appear to be more eutrophied in terms of chlorophyll abundance than morainic stratified lakes. Hypolimnetic enrichment and internal loading were probably responsible for the lack of in-lake phosphorus and chlorophyll decline in spite of the evident decrease of the external nutrient loading which had taken place between 1985 and 1996. Such a positive response was observed, however, in the case of nitrogen. Only in a hypertrophic Lake Niegocin some symptoms of recovery were noted after reduction of external point source pollution.