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Modelowanie procesów przepływu ładunków w terminalach transportu kombinowanego

Stokłosa J.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

2005

Vol. 10, nr 1

160--167

Transport kombinowany, stanowiący alternatywę dla przewozów samochodowych, w swoim rozwoju nadal napotyka na szereg przeszkód spośród których należy wymienić funkcjonowanie terminali przeładunkowych. W artykule przedstawiono rolę i zadania terminali transportu kombinowanego, omówiono czynniki wpływające na wydajny przepływ ładunków przez terminal. Postawiono tezę, że modelowanie procesów przepływu ijł przez terminal może stanowić narzędzi do analizy i poprawy funkcjonowania istniejących i budowy nowych terminali.

The most common mode of transport of cargo in Europe is truck. The main reason for the popularity of truck is that it is beneficial for the transport user: easy to use (one call is enough), flexible, fast enough, transparent (fig.l). However, the growth in truck transport causes problems for society: road transport is the second larger producer of C02, 5000 km motorways are congested every day. The alternative of the road mode of transport in Europe is intermodal transport. Since the beginning of its service intermodal transport has registered a high rate of growth, supported by a systematic promotion and subsidies. In the recent years the growth trends were not so effective. Three factors of this state has been presented in this article (fig. 2, fig. 3): technical factors, organization factors, economical factors. This paper is focusing to present role of the terminals as the nodes of the freight transport networks. The rail-road terminals provide the space, the equipment and the operational environment for transferring intermodal transport units (ITU) between the different transport modes. Intermodal terminal consist of a wide range of installation, providing a number of value-added services such as storage, empties depot, storage hazardous goods, maintenance, repair etc. A typical rail-road terminals includes the following elements: rail sidings for train/wagon storage, marshalling and inspection purposes, transshipment tracks (also termed loading trancks) for the train loading/unloading operations, storage or buffer lanes for ITU, loading and driving lanes for the trucks, gates, internal road system network. The typical rail-road terminals is a complex system when many parameters decides for efficiency. Other parameters like the cost and availability of land are determined mainly by the local conditions. The following basic parameters determine effective work terminal: length of transshipment tracks, train and truck arrival behavior/patterns, type and number of handling equipment, utilization of transshipment tracks. Figure 4 present simplified model of the terminal. Real terminals are more complicated. Basic of this scheme can be work out more extended models for simulations rail-road terminals. Simulation results can show a "bottle neck" of the flow ITU within terminals. The modelling approach of the work of terminals can be used for following flow of the ITU through the terminal and can be used for modernization existing terminals and building new one.

Europejska intermodalna jednostka ładunkowa

Wiśnicki B.

Logistyka

2003

Nr 5

54-55