Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Podstawowe zadania i cele realizowane przez operatorów systemów gazowniczych

Barczyński Andrzej

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2022

|

Nr 11

18--28

PL

Operatorzy systemu gazowniczego (dystrybucyjnego, przesyłowego, magazynowania i skraplania paliw gazowych lub operatora systemów połączonych) oraz PGNiG S.A są wykonawcami polityki energetycznej Państwa w zakresie paliw gazowych, co wiąże się bezpośrednio z bezpieczeństwem energetycznym gospodarki narodowej, bezpieczeństwem techniczno-operacyjnym oraz bezpieczeństwem publicznym. Operatorzy systemu gazowniczego powinni w swojej aktywności stosować obiektywne i przejrzyste zasady zapewniające równe traktowanie użytkowników tych systemów oraz uwzględniać wymogi ochrony środowiska. W artykule podkreślono, że dzięki działaniom rządu już w r. 2022 Polska będzie uniezależniona od dostaw gazu ziemnego z Rosji i może się stać dla krajów Europy środkowo-wschodniej hubem gazowym.

EN

Gas system operators (distribution, transmission, storage and liquefaction of gaseous fuels or an operator of interconnected systems) and PGNiG S.A. are the contractors of the state's energy policy in the field of gaseous fuels, which is directly related to the energy security of the national economy, technical and operational safety and public safety. Gas system operators should apply objective and transparent rules in their activities that ensure equal treatment of users of these systems and take into account environmental protection requirements. The article emphasizes that thanks to the government's actions, as early as 2022 Poland will be independent of natural gas supplies from Russia and may become a gas hub for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

2

Gas trading strategies — case studies

Sołtysik M., Mucha-Kuś K.

Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery

|

2017

|

nr 137

71--84

EN

The process of liberalization of the gas market influences the behavior of market players. In Poland, there has been adopted a model based on the introduction of mandatory gas sales involving the exchange segment. It has contributed to the greater involvement of stakeholders in gas trading on the Polish Power Exchange (TGE). The interest in this segment has also been enhanced by the opportunity to actively participate in cross-border trade. The paper presents the analysis of trading strategies taking into account the limitations of the existing regulations, market liquidity, price volatility and product structures on the Polish market and neighboring markets. Calculations reflect real price data from 2015 and also include logistics costs in case of gas physical delivery. Conducted analyses showed that discrepancy between gas prices in Poland and Germany, and Poland and the Czech Republic is not significant enough to generate profit in most cases. Negative results have been obtained regardless of the direction of transmission of gas, kind of contracts or selection of entry point into the Polish system. There is therefore no universal mechanism and trading strategy that may guarantee a permanent generation of profits. The few cases in which a positive result was obtained, mainly relate to the import of gas to Poland from Germany.

3

Sintered steels as interconnectors in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Włodarczyk R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

|

2010

|

Vol. 10, iss. 3 spec.

101--104

EN

This paper presents opportunities for application of sintered stainless steels for interconnectors used in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were compared in steels sintered with the pressures of 400MPa and 700MPa. In order to determine the effectiveness of the employed method of sinter preparation, the evaluation of microstructural and mechanical properties was carried out. A fundamental criterion for application of materials for fuel cell interconnectors is corrosion resistance under operating conditions of fuel cells. In order to determine the impact of sintering parameters on corrosion resistance in materials, potentiokinetic curves were recorded in the solution which simulated anode and cathode environments i.e. solution of 0.1 mol dm-3 H2SO4 + 2 ppmF-, saturated with hydrogen and oxygen at the temperature of T=80oC.