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The intensity of soil erosion in agricultural areas in North - Eastern Poland

Smolska E.

Landform Analysis

2002

Vol. 3

25--33

Investigations in to the intensity of soil erosion have been conducted by measurements of rill capacities on selected hillslopes in agricultural areas of North-Eastern Poland. The intensity of interrill erosion has been measured by using sediment traps. Owing to the interrill erosion, it is the convex parts of the slopes which have been eroded the most intensively. On gentle slopes (<9 degrees), the most intensive erosion has been observed in the upper convex part (0,3-7 t/ha/ yr.) and a zone of temporary deposition has been identified just below the zone of erosion i.e. in the middle and the lower parts of a convex-concave slope. On steeper slopes (those steeper than 9-10°) the upper and middle part of the slope are also part of the zone of erosion. The highest rates of erosion occur in those middle parts of the slope witch have the steepest inclination (3-11 t/ha/per yr.). Soil deposition takes place in the upper concave part of the slope. The rill erosion is the effect of ploughing parallel with the slope. The highest rate of denudation is in the middle and the lower parts of the convex-concave slope (3,3-16,6 t/ha/yr.). The areas of micro-catchment are a very important factors in the determination of the effectiveness of rill erosion. The efficient operation of the process was observed in the zone making 10-21% of the total area of micro-catchments. Rill erosion only takes place in plough lands. On slopes used as pastures the intensity of sheet wash was very small, averaging 16-58 kg/ha/yr. On slopes which were not in use and had a natural vegetation, it was only 2-10 kg/ha/yr. Volumetric measurements of covers at the bases of the slopes show that the thickness of the anthropogenic accumulation (either from run off or agrotechnical practice) formed as an agricultural diamicton is 40-100 cm in Suwałki Lakeland. In the northern pail of Mazowiecka Lowland these diamictons are thicker, locally exceeding 2,5 m.