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EN
Aim: The article aims to answer the following questions regarding the challenges of the modern world, support for inter-organizational relationships, and the use of initiatives in the field of science and business conducive to increasing competitiveness. It attempts to determine how to develop and manage contemporary initiatives regarding cooperation between the worlds of science, culture, art and business while maintaining the principles of ethics and culture, and how to help build support for business, science and culture. The aim of the article is also to demonstrate how the region’s managers can prevent the escalation of war-related issues and what actions to take to prevent local societies from generating problems. Finally, the article tries to indicate how to build lasting inter-organizational relationships, how science, culture and art can contribute to solving local problems, and how informal clusters can support regional management through inter-organizational cooperation. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the methods of literature research and a case study in the Świętokrzyskie region. Findings: The article presents an example of an inter-organizational cooperation initiative promoting the worlds of business, science, culture, art and local governments in the Świętokrzyskie region in the study of selected cases. The issue of building competitive advantages of the region through the development of inter-organizational relationships between the worlds of science, business, culture and art is also addressed. Practical implications: Region managers can implement inter-organizational cooperation, which brings the most benefits, by including cooperation with scientific, cultural, art, sports and business institutions. The article characterizes initiatives of inter-organizational cooperation between business, science, culture and art. Inter-organizational cooperation initiatives can be used as sources of new competitive advantages for the region and building effective management strategies. Modern management of the region’s competitiveness is the development of a mentality based on the principles of learning to use the regionally demonstrated freedom and ethics of business behaviour that implements inter-organizational cooperation, which is characterized in the case study. The inter-organizational cooperation initiatives analysed in this article in the Świętokrzyskie region have a synergistic effect and benefits in a number of other regions of Poland; therefore, they are an effective tool for managing the region in the aspect of building inter-organizational relationships. Social implications: Effective management of the region involves creating a society that is willing to undertake conflict-free changes, implements innovations, is open to discussion and dialogue, and introduces conflict-free change implementation. Recent years have shown that high intellectual capital and the implementation of new technologies and innovations can become a competitive advantage, provided that society is a conscious, sensitive and ethical recipient of the proposed competitive strategies of enterprises. The analysis of the problems of the war between Ukraine and Russia demonstrates that the managers of the region should make every effort in order to encourage the society to develop an attitude of sensitivity to harm, entrepreneurship based on the principles of ethical competition, the use of democratic freedom in a reasonable manner, as well as the use of property for purposes related to the development of emotional sensitivity to manifestations of intolerance and replacing conflicts with cooperation. In the long run, the effects of such management will benefit every participant of the market, because everyone is a resident of a region and has similar needs (security, development, improvement), and inter-organizational cooperation can achieve this through a region management strategy. Originality/value: The article characterizes modern regional management, which, owing to inter-organizational cooperation between business, science, culture, art and local government, will support the peaceful resolution of regional problems and conflicts (war, famine, poverty) through the development of behaviour aimed at building inter-organizational relationships. Modern competition rules are intended to foster the creation of multi-level inter-organizational relationships, the benefits (synergistic effects) of which are described in the article on the basis of the analysis and evaluation of inter-organizational cooperation implemented in the Świętokrzyskie region.
2
Content available remote Promotion management of the region on the example of selected local initiatives
EN
Purpose: The aim of the article was to answer the following questions: Does the promotion of local initiatives influence the popularization of the region? How does the cooperation of inter- organizational stakeholders affect the development of the region? How do local initiatives promote the Świętokrzyskie region? What is the role and importance of stakeholders in creating local initiatives? What are the effects of inter-organizational relations in the described examples of local initiatives? Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the case study research method, which seems to be interesting and little known local initiatives to promote the Świętokrzyskie region, and refers to the concept of regional management in terms of the "blue ocean strategy" (e.g. building relationships and inter-organizational cooperation). Findings: The article presents examples of good practice used by municipal managers in the Świętokrzyskie region. These examples best reflect the competitive success of the implemented "blue ocean" strategies based on cooperation between stakeholders, searching for common values and building inter-organizational relationship networks as a key element of competitive advantage. Practical implications: Managers of the region can apply a blue ocean strategy based on regional partnership, building inter-organizational relationship networks and inter- organizational collaboration. When creating a new strategy, mayors, starosts and marshals should apply actions to increase competitive advantage. Social implications: A strategy based on the values of partnership and cooperation consists in: observing alternative strategic solutions of other regions, educating them, applying various strategies, reprogramming the thinking of the local society (e.g. not only communication routes are important, but also ecological behaviours), creating solutions favourable for the development of the municipality (e.g. a common sewage treatment plant, health resort), each of which will have the benefit of creating new solutions, accepting innovations, distinctive features, shaping external trends (e.g. the Park of Miniature World Buildings in Krajno). Originality/value: The article is recommended to region managers (mayors, starosts, marshals) who are looking for a strategy to increase the region's competitiveness. The article constitutes an innovative solution for the application of the "blue ocean strategy", which so far has been described only in the case of enterprises. The article is a guide for "region managers" who build a strategy of competitiveness based on inter-organizational cooperation and activate stakeholders to create local initiatives. The competitive success of two local initiatives in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship is for them a source of research, analyses as well as a guide to good practice. The article presents the implementation of the "blue ocean strategy" in an original way, by promoting the role of the region's stakeholders.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the article was to make an attempt to determine the development opportunities of entities concentrated in specific social and economic conditions of the clusters of the Świętokrzyskie region. The entities operating in clusters are sectorally and geographically concentrated, creating inter-organisational cooperation networks using the factors of common location. Common location factors can be catalysts and inhibitors of the development of entities in clusters, thus they determine the behaviour and strategic responses of the cluster. Design/methodology/approach: The research process used the case study method. Strategies for increasing the competitiveness of entities are created by building multilevel interorganisational relations. These ties take on the character of clusters. Entities seek new competitive opportunities in a global cooperation network and take advantage of location advantages. Findings: Integrating into clusters creates new competitive opportunities, innovative opportunities and eliminates location defects. Scenarios for the development of clusters, together with the determinants of the competitive success of entities, will be described in the organic concept of cluster creation. The new concept of creating clusters was observed on the competitive success of the Świętokrzysko-Podkarpackie Construction Cluster INNOWATOR and Grona Targowe Kielce. Research limitations/implications: The presented analyses and assessments are forms of conceptual reflection that will be verified in the undertaken empirical research of entities operating in the Świętokrzyskie clusters. The results of conducted research on the competitiveness of business entities operating in clusters will be presented in subsequent publications. Practical implications: Inter-organisational relationships through cluster structures shape the competitiveness and innovation of enterprises, which plays a key role in the globalising world. Location advantages and disadvantages are factors supporting competitiveness. Social implications: The methods of supporting and developing inter-organisational relations constitute recommendations for entities creating strategies for increasing competitiveness. The examination and assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the location of entities is an important source of information for managers of organisations functioning in inter-organisational relations. Originality/value: The article is practical help for managers of organisations who are looking for opportunities to increase competitiveness in building cluster structures and who want to bypass the threats arising from location factors.
EN
The proper Supply Chain Management (SCM) can nowadays determine the competitiveness of organizations. SCM, however, raises a number of challenges such as joint goal setting, measurement of supply chain performance or sensitive information sharing. There is no successful management of supply chains without proper partner relations, and for such relationships to be established, inter-organizational trust is a necessity. The article presents the role of trust in relationship building and presents the results of a research on the subject of trust in the opinion of surveyed companies management.
PL
Właściwe zarządzanie łańcuchami dostaw (SCM) może stanowić w dzisiejszych czasach o konkurencyjności organizacji. SCM rodzi jednak szereg wyzwań takich jak wspólne ustalanie celów, analiza wyników funkcjonowania w łańcuchu czy dzielenie się wrażliwymi danymi. Nie ma udanego zarządzania łańcuchami dostaw bez odpowiednich relacji partnerskich, a żeby takie relacje zostały nawiązane konieczne jest zaufanie międzyorganizacyjne. W artykule przedstawiona została rola zaufania w budowaniu relacji oraz przedstawione zostały wyniki badań na temat zaufania w opinii kadry zarządzającej przebadanych przedsiębiorstw
EN
The purpose of the paper was to characterize the network structure of science-industry cooperation in Poland. Social network analysis (SNA) was applied for graphics and calculation. Network construction was based on POL-on „scientific projects” database supporting Polish governmental organizations. The analysis was focused on scientific entities and was conducted from inter-organizational and inter-regional perspective.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi opis struktury sieciowej współpracy naukowo-przemysłowej w Polsce. Dla celów opracowania graficznego zagadnienia oraz dokonania podstawowych obliczeń zastosowano metodę analizy sieci społecznych (social network analysis – SNA). Prezentowaną sieć zidentyfikowano na podstawie bazy „projekty naukowe” systemu POL-on. Analiza koncentruje się na podmiotach naukowych i obejmuje zarówno perspektywę międzyorganizacyjną, jak i międzyregionalną.
EN
Background: This research looks into the different effects of firms' network structural positions in an upstream supply network upon the firms' level of relational capital outcomes. Previous research has largely focus on the context of decentralized network structure. However, the supply network is a centralized network because of the existence of the focal firm. The existence of the focal firm may influence the impact of relational capital outcomes. Methods: The objective of this research is to determine the type of network structural positions required to obtain reasonable relational capital outcome in upstream supply network. Results and conclusions: This study found that, network structural positions i.e. betweeness centrality contributed to firms' level of relational capital influence. In conclusion, firms, embedded in upstream supply network benefits differently in terms of relational capital through different degree of embeddedness. Firms' resources should be re-aligned to match the benefits with the different network structural positions.
PL
Wstęp: Różne efekty wpływu pozycji firm w strukturze powiązań łańcucha dostaw typu upstream na poziom oferowanych przez te firmy jakości obsługi był przedmiotem przeprowadzonych badań. Wcześniejsze badania koncentrowały się głównie na zawartości zdecentralizowanej struktury sieciowej. Jednak łańcuch dostaw jest siecią scentralizowaną z powodu istnienia firmy o największym znaczeniu w obrębie tego łańcucha. Istnienie takiej firmy wpływa na relacje i sposób działania pozostałych firm w łańcuchu. Metody: Celem pracy było określenie typu pozycji w strukturze sieciowej wymaganej w celu uzyskania zadowalających relacji w obrębie łańcucha dostaw typu upstream. Wyniki i wnioski: Pozycja w strukturze sieciowej, tj. wartość wskaźnika centralizacji gniazda sieci (betweeness centrality) wpływa na poziom oddziaływania na innych, możliwy do realizacji przez daną firmę. Firmy znajdujące się w strukturze łańcucha dostaw w różny sposób korzystają z możliwości oddziaływań na innych w zależności od ich pozycji w tym łańcuchu. Zasoby firmy powinny być tak dobrane, aby mogła ona czerpać korzyści, znajdując się w różnych pozycjach w obrębie danej struktury sieciowej.
7
Content available remote Zarządzanie relacjami pomiędzyorganizacyjnymi w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy
PL
Artykuł dotyczy problematyki zarządzania relacjami pomiędzyorganizacyjnymi w warunkach tworzonych przez gospodarkę opartą na wiedzy. Efektywnie kształtowane relacje zewnętrzne organizacji są opisywane jako istotny aspekt budowania przewagi strategicznej współczesnych organizacji. Autor analizuje typologię relacji pomiędzyorganizacyjnych, a następnie prezentuje różnorakie podejścia do procesu zarządzania tymi relacjami. Teoria kapitału społecznego jest opisana jako zasadnicza z punktu widzenia efektywnego procesu zarządzania relacjami międzyorganizacyjnymi.
EN
Article concerns the issue of management of inter-organizational relations in knowledge based economy. Effective shaping of inter-organizational relations is considered as meaningful aspect of process of strategic competitive position building of current organization. The typology of inter-organizational relations is presented and different approaches to management process of such relations are ad-dressed in the article. The social capital theory is described as essential from the effective management of inter-organizational relations point of view.
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