Purpose: This work models the Ra parameter as a function of current intensity (I), the electrode material and the work material. The surface is directly related to the average intensity (I) during machining. If the intensity is increased to 25 A, the roughness of the room rises dramatically to 15 microns. Design/methodology/approach: Machining with a copper tool produces a better surface than can be achieved by a graphite tool. Copper tool machining has been performed in an efficient way, eliminating the necessity of a large number of experiments. The statistical processing of the results enabled development of a mathematical model to calculate the machined surface quality according to the parameters of the cut used. Findings: The mathematical model, which precisely determines surface roughness, is a tool for cutting parameters and has been obtained by the experimental design method. It enables a high quality range in analysing experiments and achieving optimal exact values. A relatively small number of designed experiments are required to generate useful information and thus develop the predictive equations for surface roughness. Depending on the surface roughness data provided by the experimental design, a first-order predicting equation has been developed. Practical implications: The experimental design was proposed for predicting the relative importance of various factors (composition of the steels and electrical discharge machining (EDM) processing conditions) to obtain efficient pieces. This model gives detailed information on the effect of parameters of cut on the surface roughness. Originality/value: Experimental data was compared with modelling data to verify the adequacy of the model prediction. As shown in this work, the factor of intensity has the most important influence on the surface roughness.
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