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Z czego żył historyk w czasie wojny? Przypadek Stefana Kieniewicza (1939-1945)

Wolniewicz Marcin

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2022

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T. 67, nr 1

157--173

EN

The article discusses how the people of science and scholars made their living in occupied Poland (1939-1945). The problem is shown on the example of the wartime fate of an outstanding historian, Stefan Kieniewicz (1907-1992), whose diaries, juxtaposed with a variety of source material (including the materials from the German Archive Office [Archivamt]), allow for a relatively detailed analysis of the topic. The story stemming from these documents shows a survival strategy that seemed an obvious choice for a representative of the landed gentry intelligentsia. It was based on the use of education and family connections. Education allowed Kieniewicz to take up intellectual jobs, which he kept simultaneously in the Treasury Archive (Archiwum Skarbowe, Finanzarchiv) taken over by the Germans and in the apparatus of the Underground State (Information and Propaganda Office of the Home Army Headquarters). It also made him eligible for the support provided to the authors by the Warsaw bookseller, M. Arct. The income from these jobs was usually not enough for Kieniewicz to support his family in Warsaw. Up to a point, the deficit was covered by selling off valuable movable property and giving up the gentry lifestyle. Ultimately, the family used the hospitality of their relatives and moved to the estates in Ruszcza and Topola. The Warsaw Uprising deprived the Kieniewiczs of the remains of their possessions, and the agrarian reform deprived their more affluent relatives of property. These events concluded the transformation of Kieniewicz’s social status into the ‘academic intelligentsia’.

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Kawiarnia „Ratuszowa” miejscem spotkań zamojskiej elity - socjologia kultury - socjologia miasta

Przegon W.

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2015

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T. 43

83--99

PL

Rozważając antropologiczne i socjologiczne aspekty rozwoju miasta zabytkowego jakim jest Zamość należy wspomnieć o tych elementach życia mieszkańców, które wnosiły wartości intelektualne w przestrzeń kulturową miasta, wpisanego w 1992 r. na Listę Światowego Dziedzictwa Kultury. W pracy przypomniano wyjątkowe miejsce spotkań zamojskiej inteligencji w latach 1957-2003, kawiarnię „Ratuszową”. Znajdowała się ona w centralnym punkcie miasta, w zamojskim ratuszu. W artykule udowadnia się, że nie było to tylko miejsce beztroskiej rozrywki ale konkretnej, twórczej dyskusji i pracy. Przypomniano także „życie kawiarniane” i stałych bywalców kawiarni Lwowa, Krakowa i Warszawy.

EN

While considering the anthropological and sociological aspects of development of the historic city of Zamość, it is necessary to mention the elements of its residents’ life that brought intellectual values in the cultural space of the city entered in 1992 into the List of World Cultural Heritage. The paper has recalled a unique meeting place of the Zamość intelligentsia in the years 1957-2003 - the Ratuszowa café. It was located in the very heart of the city, in the Zamość Town Hall. The paper proves that it was not only a place of careless entertainment but of creative debate and work. It has also evoked memories of the “café life” and regular visitors to coffeehouses in Lviv, Krakow and Warsaw.

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Problematyka inteligencji w pracach polskich socjologów okresu międzywojennego

Górski P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2007

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R. 52, nr 3/4

131-164

EN

The paper deals with the issue of Polish intelligentsia in the inter-war period 1918-1939). In the introduction, the author presents various approaches that can be adopted in investigating this problem, approaches that focus on the analysis of the social awareness of that social stratum and on its transformations form the perspective of social structure. Further on in the paper, the author points to the image of Polish intelligentsia of that period as it emerges from an analysis of the feature writing of the period, i.e. the image of the intelligentsia's self-awareness, and to the image that is revealed in the writings of historians of the inter-war period. Finally, in the main section of the paper the author presents the views of four sociologists who lived and worked in the interw period who dealt with the issue of the Polish intelligentsia: Florian Znaniec (1882-1958), Aleksander Hertz (1895-1983), Stanislaw Rychliiiski (1903-1944) and Józef Chałasiński (1904-1979). The views of those sociologists are juxtaposed with opinions of journalists and historians, to see how valuable and original such views wet Their views on the intelligentsia are also analysed against the background of the developments in sociology of that period, of the areas or interest of the sociologists involve and of the theoretical frameworks which they followed. The sociologists' research on intelintelligentsia can be seen as part of a wider range of studies on transformations in culture (Znaniecki, Hertz) and social structure (Rychliński, Chałasiński). All four sociologists pointed to the changes that the Polish intelligentsia was subject to and to the problems involved in implementing its leadership role. Apart from Chałasiński, the sociologists appreciated the positive role of the intelligentsia in Polish society and indicated the need to take measures aimed at reconstructing the paths of advancement into the social elit a great role in which was attributed to educational institutions. The issues of social ai vancement, and especially the discussions concerning the social elite, were well intur with debates that were to be found in magazines and journals, but they were characterized by a different, sociological perspective, which took account of the transformation in social structure and in culture, and of the achievements of the rapidly developing subdiscipline of sociology, namely the sociology of education.