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1

The main challenges and barriers to the successful “smart shipping”

Alop A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 3

521--528

EN

As with the powerful digitalization of the world in the 21st century, maritime affairs, like all other areas, are facing not only new opportunities, but also new big challenges and problems. From the point of view of the development of new technologies, it seems that everything is possible, for example the bringing of so-called "intelligent ships" and “smart ports” into one global system on base of internet of things and big data applications. However, if to look at the matter further, a number of factors and obstacles may appear which could be major threats to the normal functioning of such a system. While it is clear that systems with such high degree of complexity are even technically vulnerable, it seems to the author of this paper that questions that are no less difficult are in the field of human relations. For example, when ships and ports are becoming more and more "smarter" and need less and less people to intervene in their interactions, who at the end will be responsible for everything that can and definitely will happened at sea or in the port? What about liability of cargo carrier if “carrier” is an autonomous ship without any person on-board during the entire journey? How to ensure cyber security? How to be secured against the risks of so-called artificial intelligence systemic errors? It is possible that only new non-trivial approaches can lead to acceptable results in this area, but what they may be and whether these approaches are possible at all - these questions are still waiting for answers.

2

Ship recognition and tracking system for intelligent ship based on deep learning framework

Liu B., Wang S. Z., Xie Z. X., Zhao J. S., Li M. F.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13. no. 4

699--705

EN

Automatically recognizing and tracking dynamic targets on the sea is an important task for intelligent navigation, which is the prerequisite and foundation of the realization of autonomous ships. Nowadays, the radar is a typical perception system which is used to detect targets, but the radar echo cannot depict the target’s shape and appearance, which affects the decision-making ability of the ship collision avoidance. Therefore, visual perception system based on camera video is very useful for further supporting the autonomous ship navigational system. However, ship’s recognition and tracking has been a challenge task in the navigational application field due to the long distance detection and the ship itself motion. An effective and stable approach is required to resolve this problem. In this paper, a novel ship recognition and tracking system is proposed by using the deep learning framework. In this framework, the deep residual network and cross-layer jump connection policy are employed to extract the advanced ship features which help enhance the classification accuracy, thus improves the performance of the object recognition. Experimentally, the superiority of the proposed ship recognition and tracking system was confirmed by comparing it with state of-the-art algorithms on a large number of ship video datasets.

3

On the future of maritime transport – discussing terminology and timeframes

Hult C., Praetorius G., Sandberg C.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 2

269--273

EN

This paper offers an analytical discussion on the terminology and timeframes related to the future of shipping. The discussion is based on issues that have surfaced within the Swedish research project Autonomy and responsibility. The paper argues that the concept ‘autonomous ships’ has become an indicator of that seafarers soon will become obsolete – which may have negative consequences for the supply of maritime competence in coming years - and that the proper definition of the term ‘autonomous’ describes something that will never apply to a ship. Ships can be given the possibility, but hardly the full right or condition of self-government. It is argued that ‘smart ships’, or perhaps ‘intelligent ships’, are more appropriate, since these terms describe the current and future state of technology without predicting how humans will prefer to use it. The estimated timeframes for implementation of unmanned ships suggest no threat to the seafaring occupation for coming generation. The content of the occupation will of course change due to the phase of implementation of degree of digitalization, but there will always be a need for maritime knowledge and understanding.

4

Autonomous and unmanned transportation ships as revolutionary solutions in future of telematics

Preś I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2017

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nr 9

113--125

EN

According to Eurostat, in 2015 freight maritime transportation was responsible for 51% of share in transportation of overall EU international trade, what places it as a first transportation mode in Europe. [1] This is an important trigger for engineers to develop new solutions in ships’ construction, which could enhance the optimization of costs and increase efficiency of maritime transportation. The publication presents two big on-going research projects, which will define the future in ships’ technologies. First one, Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Network (MUNIN) and second, Ship Intelligence belonging to Rolls-Royce. In the first chapters, the article says about the latest trends according to European Union strategy in terms of maritime transportation. The third and the fourth chapter present both of the research projects in their current state. At the end, the author analyzes and compares both projects providing an overview how it meets the strategy for the future of cargo transportation in Europe, indicating the most important features.

PL

Obecnie obserwuje się wzrost znaczenia transportu morskiego. Według badań przeprowadzonych przez Eurostat, w 2015 transport ładunków drogą morską posiadał 51% z ogólnego podziału na środki transportowe dla ładunków, co oznacza, iż transport morski cargo jest drugim środkiem transportu w Europie. Fakt ten jest istotny dla inżynierów, aby wprowadzać nowe rozwiązania w konstrukcji statków morskich, które mogłyby zoptymalizować koszty oraz zwiększyć efektywność transportu morskiego. Publikacja prezentuje dwa duże projekty, które mogą zadecydować o przyszłości konstrukcji i technologii statków morskich: europejski projekt Morska Bezzałogowa Nawigacja poprzez Inteligencję w Sieci (MUNIN) oraz Inteligentne Statki wdrażane przez brytyjską firmę Rolls-Royce.

5

Intelligent Prediction of Ship Maneuvering

Łącki M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2016

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Vol. 10, no. 3

511--516

EN

In this paper the author presents an idea of the intelligent ship maneuvering prediction system with the usage of neuroevolution. This may be also be seen as the ship handling system that simulates a learning process of an autonomous control unit, created with artificial neural network. The control unit observes input signals and calculates the values of required parameters of the vessel maneuvering in confined waters. In neuroevolution such units are treated as individuals in population of artificial neural networks, which through environmental sensing and evolutionary algorithms learn to perform given task efficiently. The main task of the system is to learn continuously and predict the values of a navigational parameters of the vessel after certain amount of time, regarding an influence of its environment. The result of a prediction may occur as a warning to navigator to aware him about incoming threat.