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Jak osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną postrzegają pracę i swoje szanse na zatrudnienie? Wyniki wywiadów pogłębionych

Pawłowska-Cyprysiak Karolina, Hildt-Ciupińska Katarzyna

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2024

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nr 4

12-17

PL

Osoby z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną mają niewielkie szanse na zatrudnienie, co wynika głównie z ich niewystarczającego wykształcenia. Dodatkowo barierą są takie elementy, jak wciąż bardzo niski poziom wiedzy społeczeństwa o potrzebach i możliwościach tej grupy, brak odpowiednich kwalifikacji osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, mała dostępność odpowiednich stanowisk pracy dla tej grupy czy też ogólne wysokie wymagania wobec produktywności i wydajności pracowników. Autorki artykułu przeprowadziły wywiady pogłębione z respondentami, a zebrane dane dotyczyły 30 osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną (21 osób udzielało odpowiedzi samodzielnie, z kolei w imieniu dziewięciu pozostałych - ze względu na ich ograniczone możliwości udziału osobistego w wywiadzie - odpowiedzi udzielali ich opiekunowie). Podstawę badania stanowił opracowany kwestionariusz wywiadu bezpośredniego, który posłużył do zebrania opinii osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną na temat pracy oraz szans na jej podjęcie. Wyniki wywiadów pokazują, że te osoby chcą pracować zarobkowo, mają plany i aspiracje zawodowe. Zdają sobie również sprawę, że na możliwości ich zatrudnienia negatywnie wpływają panujące stereotypy.

EN

Persons with intellectual disabilities have little chance of employment, which is mainly due to the fact that they have insufficient education and, moreover, the level of society’s knowledge about the needs and possibilities of this group is still very low. The authors of the article conducted in-depth interviews with the respondents, and the collected data concerned 30 people with intellectual disabilities (21 of whom provided answers unassistedly, while the guardians of the remaining nine, whose ability to participate in person in the interview was limited, provided answers on their behalf). The basis of the study was a direct interview questionnaire, which was used to collect the opinions of persons with intellectual disabilities about work and their chances of taking up work. The interview results show that these persons want to have paid work and have career plans and aspirations. They also realize that their employment opportunities are negatively affected by prevailing stereotypes.

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Możliwości zatrudnienia osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną – opinie pracodawców

Pawłowska-Cyprysiak Karolina, Hildt-Ciupińska Katarzyna

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 7

10-13

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie opinii pracodawców o zatrudnieniu osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną. Możliwość podjęcia pracy to szansa na rozwój osobowości oraz ograniczenie izolacji społecznej tych osób, jednakże z punktu widzenia pracowników powiatowych urzędów pracy szanse na taką aktywność są niewielkie. Główną tego przyczyną jest niski poziom wykształcenia, gdyż zdecydowana większość osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną posiada jedynie podstawowe wykształcenie, a tylko niewielka część - zawodowe specjalne. Mimo że ludzie pozytywnie odnoszą się do aktywności zawodowej tej grupy, to nie są skłonni do jej zatrudniania we własnych przedsiębiorstwach. Badania kwestionariuszowe prowadzone w CIOP-PIB w roku 2020 miały na celu pokazanie, jaka opinia panuje wśród pracodawców na temat osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną jako pracowników oraz na temat ich zatrudniania. W artykule zawarto wyniki tych badań.

EN

The aim of the article is to present employers' opinions towards employing people with intellectual disabilities. The possibility of employment is a chance to develop and possibility to limit the social isolation of this group. However the chance for such activity for the people of intellectual disability is low from the point of view of workers of poviat labor offices. Low level of education is the main reason for not employing people with intellectual disability. The vast majority of this group have only primary education, and only a small part has special vocational education. Despite the fact that people have a positive attitude to the professional activity of people with intellectual disability, they are not willing to employ it in their own enterprises. The aim of the questionnaire research conducted at CIOP-PIB in 2020 was to show the opinion about people with intellectual disability as workers and employers opinions toward about employment of this group. The article presents the results of these studies.

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The differences in postural stability between cross-country and Alpine skiers with intellectual disabilities

Gimunová Marta, Skotáková Alena, Grün Vojtěch, Jenčíková Kateřina, Daněk Leoš, Hlinský Tomáš, Svobodová Lenka, Kalichová Miriam, Válková Hana

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 4

133--138

EN

The purpose of this study was to analyse differences in postural stability between athletes with ID competing in Alpine and Cross country (XC) skiing to assess the effect of special sports training on postural stability in persons with ID. Methods: Athletes with ID were divided into four groups by their discipline: Alpine skiers (n = 9), XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km (n = 10), XC skiers 500 to 1000 m (n = 18) and XC skiers 50 and 100 m (n = 10). All participants were asked to stand barefooted on the Zebris FDM platform (Medical GmbH, Germany) with their eyes open and closed. To compare differences between groups one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD test was used. To compare the difference between the eyes open and closed, t-test was used. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between Alpine and XC skiers in analysed variables. The analysis of COP velocity showed superior postural stability in XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km compared to XC skiers 500 and 1000 m. In XC skiers 500 and 1000 m, XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km and Alpine skiers a significant increase in COP velocity was observed when having the eyes closed. In XC skiers 50 and 100 m, no statistically significant differences between the eyes open and closed conditions were observed. Conclusions: Despite different sports training, no difference between Alpine and XC skiers in postural stability was observed. When comparing XC skiers, better postural stability was observed in skiers running longer distances, suggesting that this sports training enhances balance skills needed in everyday life.

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The relationship between body composition and foot posture index in Special Olympics athletes

Gimunová Marta, Válková Hana, Kalina Tomáš, Vodička Tomáš

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 4

47--52

EN

In Special Olympics, athletes’ foot deformities, abnormal postural patterns and overweight and obesity were observed to be more common than in the general population. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body composition and foot posture index. Additionally, the effect of gender and other factors on the body composition and foot posture index in athletes with intellectual disability (ID) were analyzed. Methods: 131 athletes with ID participated in this study: 36 table tennis players, 66 cross country skiers and 29 downhill skiers. Their body composition was assessed using the bioimpedance analysis InBody 230 (Biospace, Korea). The foot screening included the assessment of foot posture index, which evaluates the degree of pronated, supinated and neutral position of the foot, gait speed and the last part of the procedure consisted of a short questionnaire, providing the information about the type of housing, age, and the usage of orthotics. Results: A low correlation between body composition and some of the foot posture index criteria was observed. The mean foot posture index score in athletes with ID was observed to be slightly pronated, as also described in the general population, with no statistically significant difference between female and male athletes. The gender differences were observed only in body composition. Conclusions: The high body weight and body fat percentage observed in this study highlight the need for healthy lifestyle education in athletes with ID.

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Quality of body posture and postural stability in people with intellectual disability playing volleyball

Bibrowicz Karol, Szurmik Tomasz, Wodarski Piotr, Michnik Robert, Mysliwiec Andrzej, Barszcz Jacek, Mikołajewski Grzegorz, Mitas Andrzej

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 1

23--30

EN

The quality of body posture and its balance depends on the efficiency of the receptors, the good work of the central nervous system integrating and coordinating the postural system and the effective musculoskeletal system. Physical activity of people with intellectual disability can stimulate the processes of improving the posture and its postural stability, improving the quality of life. Methods: The study was conducted in 2017. 20 randomly selected volleyball players with intellectual disabilities and 10 healthy players took part in it. Body posture was recorded using a photogrammetric system. To evaluate the use of the Frohner Posture Index and the Dolphens classification, stability of the posture was assessed on the Zebris FDM power plate, analyzing the basic stabilographic parameters sway path and sway area. Results: Athletes with intellectual disabilities had significantly poorer posture and body balance than healthy players. There were no differences in postural stability between the groups studied. Some linear correlations were found between the quality of posture and balance and stabilographic variables. Conclusions: Incorrect postural patterns, observed in people with intellectual disabilities, require the development of special recovery programs. Qualified physical activity can help them improve their balance systems, reducing the risk of falls and injuries. The lack of the possibility of an unequivocal relationship between the quality of body posture and its stability requires research on a larger research material. New evaluation methods used (Frohner Posture index and Dolphens classification) confirmed their usefulness and gave new possibilities of application in postural research.

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The role of hippotherapeutic exercises with larger support surface in development of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability

Ambroży T., Mazur-Rylska A., Chwała W., Ambroży D., Mucha T., Omorczyk J., Ostrowski A., Mucha D.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 4

143--151

EN

Purpose: Maintaining balance in humans involves continuous changes in parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hippotherapeutic exercises on development of the sense of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability. Methods: The study examined 50 randomly chosen boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability from the special education centre in Leżajsk, Poland. The study participants were divided into two groups: experimental group, who participated for 3 months in hippotherapeutic classes and the control group, with boys attending outdoor or indoor physical education classes. Before and after completion of the study, both experimental and control groups were diagnosed by means of Accu SwayPlus force plate. The force plate was used to determine alterations in the position of the centre of pressure (COP) on the platform in the frontal and sagittal planes in relaxed standing position with feet spread to the shoulder width and with eye control with respect to the base of support (BOS). The description was based on mean displacement of the centre of gravity (COG), mean velocity of displacements of the COG, mean radial displacement and total length of the COP pathway. Results: In the experimental group, equestrian exercises induced a series of significant changes that pointed to the improved balance reactions. The character of these changes in the positions analysed was similar: values of body sway in the sagittal plane and their range and mean displacements decreased statistically significantly after training. The same tendency was observed for mean radial displacements in the free open position and with closed support surface. Furthermore, the velocity of displacement and the length of the COP’s projection pathway on the support surface in the free open position was also reduced. All significant changes and trends found for the experimental group, which occurred after 3 month of hippotherapeutic classes, suggest improved parameters of balance. Conclusions: The lack of changes in balance parameters in the control group shows that the hippotherapeutic classes significantly develop balance abilities in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability.

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Computer support in non-verbal communication systems with using graphic sings in education of people with intellectual disabilities

Gauda K., Nowosad M.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2014

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Vol. 8, nr 24

76--82

EN

The article presents the possibility of using a computer with specialized software to support education of students with communication disorders. It also presents the results of preliminary tests based on the original program developed for students with intellectual disabilities in moderate and significant degree of disability in the field of alternative communication with using pictograms and pcs.