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1

Priniotakis Georgios, Marrot Laetitia, Stachewicz Urszula, Krstic-Furundzic Aleksandra, Venturini Enrico, Vaida Jonaitiene

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 4

493--496

EN

In construction, textiles can be used either for reinforcing the structure or for finishing design. When we talk about function, the interior is no less important than the exterior and architecture of the building. Thus using textiles to reinforce the structure of buildings, textiles often perform a desired function of reinforcing the “finish.” Building textile materials include fibers that are mixed with concrete, fiberglass reinforcement meshes, insulators, etc. Textile architecture covers permanent tensile structures based on polyester or glass fiber fabrics, with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating and awnings generally supported by polyester or polyolefin fabrics, with or without coating, especially for gardening. All above topics are covered within this perspective with the experts from the group of smart textiles for building and living within COST Action CA17107 European Network to Connect Research and Innovation Efforts on Advanced Smart Textiles (CONTEXT) [1].

2

Properties Of Thin Metal Layers Deposited On Textile Composites By Using The PVD Method For Textronic Applications

Pawlak R., Korzeniewska E., Koneczny C, Hałgas B.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 3

229--237

EN

In this paper, the results of mechanical strength tests of thin conductive Ag and Au layers created on Cordura composite substrate using the thermal vapor deposition method are presented. The resistance of the conductive layers to the bending and tensile stresses was tested and changing the surface resistance of the test structures was accepted as a criterion. The layers created on unmodified and plasma-treated surfaces have been examined. As a result of the surface modification, the electrical and mechanical properties of the thin Ag and Au metal structures have been improved. The results of measurements of surface resistance changes during strength tests and SEM microscopic studies of stressed samples indicate the high mechanical strength of the electroconductive layers deposited on Cordura, which may be the basis for the application of such technology in textronics applications.

3

Research on Poppers Used as Electrical Connectors in High Speed Textile Transmission Lines

Leśnikowski J.

Autex Research Journal

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2016

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Vol. 16, no. 4

228--235

EN

This paper presents results of research on poppers used as electrical connectors connecting fragments of textile signal lines. These lines can be used in intelligent clothing for connecting electronic modules implemented in it. Intelligent (smart) clothing can be used, among others, in the health monitoring of the elderly, newborn babies, or people working in hazardous conditions, for example, firefighters and soldiers. The aim of the present study was to examine the usefulness of poppers, widely used in clothing, as electrical connectors connecting parts of the textile signal lines designed for transmission of high-speed digital signals. The paper presents examples of measured parameters characterizing transmission properties of two fragments of the coplanar, textile transmission line connected to each other using conventional poppers. The presented measurement results contain the so-called s parameters, characteristic impedance of the poppers, and eye measurements characterizing distortions of digital signals passing through the tested line. In the article, the effect of temperature and humidity of air surrounding the tested poppers on their characteristic impedance was also presented. This property and its stability are important in signal lines designed for high-speed data transmission.

4

Effect of Textile Pretreatment Processes on the Signal Transferring Capability of Textile Transmission Lines

Kursun B. S.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2015

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Vol. 23, no. 2 (110)

55--62

EN

Transmission lines in the textile structure are a path of supplying power or transmitting digital/analog signals to electronic components in a textronic system. The current experimental investigation concerned potential differences in the signal transferring capability of textile transmission lines that were subjected to different pretreatment processes. In this study, 11 conductive yarns (stainless steel, silver plated PA and insulated copper) with different linear resistance values were used to create transmission lines through different weave patterns. E-fabric structures containing transmission lines were subjected to combined desizing, alkaline scouring and hydrogen peroxide bleaching pretreatment processes. Signal-to-noise measurements were performed before and after each pretreatment process. In order to make any reasonable comparison of the signal transferring capability of efabric samples, recorded signals were analysed using Matlab ® and their SNR values were also compared statistically. The results show that the pretreatment processes, the linear resistance of conductive yarns and the type of weave structure significantly influence the signal transferring capability of the transmission lines.

PL

Linie transmisyjne w strukturze tekstylnej są ścieżką zasilania lub przesyłania sygnałów analogowych/cyfrowych do komponentów elektronicznych w tekstronice. Badania eksperymentalne dotyczą potencjalnych różnic w sprawności przenoszenia sygnału tekstylnych linii transmisyjnych, które zostały poddane różnym procesom obróbki wstępnej. W pracy zastosowano 11 przędz przewodzących o różnych wartościach oporu liniowego wykonanych ze stali nierdzewnej, posrebrzanego poliamidu i izolowanych drutów miedzianych. Przędze te wykorzystano do stworzenia linii transmisyjnych poprzez zastosowanie różnych splotów tkackich. Struktury tkanin zawierających linie transmisyjne poddano procesom: usuwania klejonki, obróbki alkalicznej i bielenia nadtlenkiem wodoru. Przed i po każdym procesie obróbki wstępnej dokonano pomiarów zakłóceń. W celu porównania sprawności przenoszenia sygnału zarejestrowane sygnały były analizowane i porównane statystycznie. Wyniki pokazują, że procesy obróbki wstępnej, opór liniowy przędz przewodzących oraz typ splotu mają istotny wpływ na sprawność przenoszenia sygnału tekstylnych linii transmisyjnych.

5

Smart Woven Fabrics With Portable And Wearable Vibrating Electronics

Özdemir H., Kılınç S.

Autex Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 15, no. 2

99--103

EN

The portable and wearable instrumented fabrics capable of measuring biothermal variable is essential for drivers, especially long-distance drivers. Here we report on portable and wearable devices that are able to read the temperature of human body within the woven fabric. The sensory function of the fabric is achieved by temperature sensors, soldered on conductive threads coated with cotton. The presence of stainless steel wires gives these materials conductive properties, enabling the detection of human body temperature and transmitting the signal form sensors to the motors on the fabric. When body temperature decreases, hardware/software platforms send a signal to the vibration motors in order to stimulate the driver. The ‘smart woven fabric’-sensing architecture can be divided into two parts: a textile platform, where portable and wearable devices acquire thermal signals, and hardware/software platforms, to which a sensor sends the acquired data, which send the signals to the vibration motors.

6

Flexible, textronic temperature sensors, based on carbon nanostructures

Walczak S., Sibiński M.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 4

759--763

EN

The paper presents a comparative analysis of two types of flexible temperature sensors, made of carbon-based nanostructures composites. These sensors were fabricated by a low-cost screen-printing method, which qualifies them to large scale, portable consumer electronic products. Results of examined measurements show the possibility of application for thick film devices, especially dedicated to wearable electronics, also known as a textronics. Apart from general characterisation, the influence of technological processes on specific sensor parameters were examined, particulary the value of the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and its stability during the device bending.

7

Textile Transmission Lines in the Modern Textronic Clothes

Leśnikowski J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2011

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Vol. 19, no. 6 (89)

89--93

EN

This article describes textile transmission lines, one of the important elements of modern textronic clothing. The paper describes the classification of these lines with regard to the application area and discusses the basic electrical parameters which determine their suitability for the transmission of signals of a wide frequency spectrum. The paper also discusses the main difficulties related to the design and implementation of transmission lines, such as resistance to mechanical stress and washing, and the change in environmental conditions. The paper also presents examples of measurements of wave propagation in textile transmission lines for different degrees of moisture of the textile substrate of the line. These measurements showed that the substrate humidity has a significant effect on the electrical parameters of the line.

PL

W artykule opisano jeden z ważnych elementów wchodzących w skład nowoczesnej odzieży tekstronicznej jakim są tekstylne linie transmisyjne. Dokonano podziału tych linii ze względu na obszar zastosowań oraz omówiono podstawowe parametry elektryczne decydujące o ich przydatności przy przesyłaniu sygnałów o szerokim widmie częstotliwościowym. Omówiono również główne trudności związane z projektowaniem i wykonaniem takich linii takie jak: konieczność uzyskania odporności na naprężenia mechaniczne, warunki atmosferyczne czy konserwację np. poprzez pranie. W artykule przedstawiono również przykładowe pomiary fal rozchodzących się w tekstylnej linii transmisyjnej dla różnych stopni zawilgocenia tekstylnego podłoża linii. Pomiary te wykazały znaczny wpływ wilgotności podłoża linii na jej parametry elektryczne.

8

Experimental Study of the Thermoregulating Properties of Nonwovens Treated with Microencapsulated PCM

Bendkowska W., Wrzosek H.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2009

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Vol. 17, no. 5 (76)

87--91

EN

This paper reports a study on the thermoregulation properties of PCM nonwovens. Microencapsulated n-alkanes (n-octadecane and n-eicosane) dispersed in a polymer binder (acrylic-butadiene copolymer) were applied to needled and hydroentangled nonwovens by the pad-mangle or screen printing method. The surface morphology and cross section of PCM nonwovens were observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal storage/release properties of the nonwoven samples treated with microPCMs were analysed by DSC, and the thermal resistance of the nonwovens under steady state conditions was determined by means of a sweating guarded hotplate instrument. The transient thermal performance of the nonwoven samples containing microPCMs was examined using novel apparatus with a dynamic heat source. The temperature regulating factor (TRF), defined by Hittle, was determined for selected cycle times of heat flux changes (t), the results of which are shown in diagrams presenting the relation TRF = f(t). The results obtained show that the main factor determining the TRF value is the amount of latent heat in a unit area of nonwoven fabric. Thermoregulating properties of the printed nonwoven sample with microPCMs are identified as being dependent on the position of the microPCMs layer. This work shows the possibility of achieving a significant thermoregulation effect even with moderate amounts of microPCMs incorporated at a proper location in the nonwoven system.

PL

Mikrokapsułki PCM (oktadekan i eikosan), zdyspergowane w środku wiążącym (kopolimer butadienowo-akrylowy), były aplikowane na włókniny igłowane techniką napawania i techniką druku sitowego. Następnie, posługując się stanowiskiem pomiarowym umożliwiającym badanie właściwości termicznych tekstyliów w warunkach dynamicznych, wyznaczano współczynnik termoregulacji termicznej (TRF) przygotowanych próbek włóknin. Współczynnik TRF, zdefiniowany przez Hittle’a był wyznaczany dla dla 6 wybranych okresów (t) zmian strumienia ciepła. Wyniki tych pomiarów przedstawiono w postaci krzywych obrazujących zależność TRF = f(t). Stwierdzono, że zasadniczym czynnikiem determinującym wartość współczynnika TRF jest ilość utajonego ciepła przemiany fazowej, zakumulowana przez jednostkę powierzchni materiału tekstylnego. W przypadku włóknin drukowanych, wartość TRF w znacznym stopniu zależy od położenia warstwy PCM względem źródła ciepła. Umieszczenie warstwy PCM w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie źródła ciepła powoduje pogorszenie właściwości termoregulacyjnych układu. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują na możliwość uzyskania znacznego efektu termoregulacyjnego, nawet przy umiarkowanych ilościach mikrokapsułek umieszczonych w odpowiednim położeniu w strukturze włóknistej.

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The Basic Problems of Textronics

Gniotek K., Krucińska I.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2004

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Vol. 12, no. 1 (45)

13--16

EN

This article describes the problems of a new branch of science designated as ‘textronics’. This notion means a new interdisciplinary, common scientific branch created by the synergic connection of the three following disciplines: textile science, electronics, and computer science. Examples of fibrous sensors are presented against the background of problems connected with processing measurement signals. The weight of construction and the application of fibrous actuators is emphasised in the perspective of designing textile automatic control systems. Three basic means used for connecting electronic elements with textiles are characterised.

PL

W artykule opisano problemy nowego obszaru wiedzy zwanego tekstroniką. Przedstawiono przykłady sensorów włóknistych na tle problematyki przetwarzania sygnałów pomiarowych. Zwrócono uwagę na rolę siłowników włóknistych w perspektywie konstruowania tekstylnych układów automatycznej regulacji. Scharakteryzowano także trzy podstawowe sposoby łączenia elementów elektronicznych z tekstyliami.