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1

Understanding the relationship between firms’ level of knowledge on the smart city concept and the size of the firm – an empirical study

Misiak-Kwit Sandra, Wiścicka-Fernando Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 193

157--168

EN

Purpose: On the one hand, companies become consumers of a smart city, but on the other, they are also co-creators and/or initiators of new goals. The implementation of the smart city concept requires specific knowledge, especially from businesses, who are active participants in the process. The aim of the paper is to gain new knowledge about the relationship between firms’ level of knowledge on the smart city concept and the size of the company. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was carried out in 2021 using the CATI, CAWI interview method on a random sample of 217 companies in the West Pomeranian region in the Republic of Poland. The Chi-square test for independence and the Kruskal-Wallis test were conducted. Findings: A Kruskal-Wallis H test revealed no statistically significant difference in the level of smart city knowledge across the five analyzed groups based on company size. The study results indicate no significant association between company size and the four selected statements regarding smart city concept. The presented data could be the basis for the preparation of an appropriate strategy for sustainable operation, taking into account the important factor, which is people, including entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: The authors suggest conducting the same analysis with a larger sample size to generalize the phenomena. The authors believe that it is worth examining the level of knowledge not only of companies from the West Pomeranian voivodeship, but also from all over Poland, which may precisely illustrate the level of understanding of the smart city concept. Practical implications: Research results are important not only for regional policymakers but also for researchers interested in the field of strategic smart city development. Due to changes taking place in the perception of the city’s role, the concept of a smart and sustainable city is becoming increasingly important not only for city authorities but also for businesses. Social implications: The implementation of the smart city concept requires conscious and thoughtful steps, but also created in cooperation with all participants, especially residents and businesses, who are active participants in the process. Originality/value: Addressing a research gap in association between company size and the knowledge about the smart city concept, this study sought to provide valuable insights.

2

Smart City 4.0 development as a solution for NETZero economy

Kinelski Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 194

159--177

EN

Purpose: Research of determinands Smart City development in NETZero Economy environment. Design/methodology/approach: This research shows the theory of 4T potentials, covering areas like technology, trust, talent and tolerance. Findings: This study attempts to identify results of 4T implementation in chosen cities of GZM Metropoly to identify, acquire, and develop Smart City areas and possibly synergy. Research limitations/implications: The author tries to identify by the research of local politics the innovative potential of a learning city and to diagnose the innovative potential of cities in the context of an energy efficiency, entrepreneurship, innovativeness of residents, and entities that support innovativeness. The problem is lack of implemented the politics of evelopment in research area in the cities. Practical implications: The author shows the examples that the local governments of selected cities are not prepared to use the synergies resulting from the possibilities offered by Smart City in the technology areas. Social implications: The author shows the examples that the local governments of selected cities are not prepared to use the synergies resulting from the possibilities offered by Smart City in the Social like Trust, Trust or Tolerance. Originality/value: Using 4T Theory in research because this study attempts to identify results of 4T implementation in chosen cities of GZM Metropoly to identify, acquire, and develop Smart City areas and possibly synergy in NETZero Economy development.

3

Data-driven approach in sustainable city management

Radziszewska Aleksandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

405--419

EN

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationships between the use of data-driven solutions in key areas of sustainable city management (urban planning, mobility and transportation management, and environment protection) and city’s position in the global smart cities ranking (the IESE Cities in Motion Index). Design/methodology/approach: A case study methodology is adopted to examine and compare the possibilities of implementing data-driven approaches in sustainable city management, in order to gain a better understanding of this new urban phenomenon. Data and information about data-driven smart city initiatives have been collected from secondary sources. The presented case studies were explored through desk research using online resources, such as the web pages of smart city initiatives. Smart Cities were selected based on their rankings in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2022. In addition, multiple regressions were used to identify the relationship between the independent variables (environment protection, mobility and transportation management, urban planning) and dependent variable-value of city’s ranking in the IESE Cities in Motion Index. Findings: The results illustrate that the majority of cities use data-driven solutions in all categories to improve city management, efficiency and achieve sustainability goals. All research hypotheses have been accepted, therefore data-driven solutions implemented in all key areas of sustainable city management (urban planning, mobility and transportation management, and environment protection) positively influence performance of achieving sustainability goals. Research limitations/implications: The selection of a limited number of case studies is a limitation of this research. It is therefore important to explore the potential of data-driven smart city solutions in urban development and city management in more detail by considering more cases. Future research should explore the impacts of other variables related to sustainability, which can determinate performance of sustainable city management. A future study should try to validate the result by using a wider sample. Originality/value: The conducted research combines quantitative and quantitative analysis in order to identify the determinants of effective achievement of sustainable development goals in city management. This study provides a form of grounding for further discussion to debate over big data computing on forms of the operational functioning, planning, design, development, and governance of smart sustainable cities in the future.

4

Generacja smart city

Szczepaniak Sylwester

Zieleń Miejska

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2023

|

Nr 7-8

18--20

PL

Planując rozwój miast i wsi, należy brać pod uwagę klasycznie rozumiane obszary – infrastrukturę, urbanistykę czy też rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy. Dziś jednak to za mało, gdyż coraz większą rolę odgrywa rozwój technologiczny tych terenów.

5

Smart mobility in smart city – Copenhagen and Barcelona comparision

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 172

679--697

EN

Purpose: The goal of the paper is to analyze the main differences between the smart mobility idea implementation in Copenhagen and Barcelona. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: The papers compares the smart mobility solutions implemented in Copenhagen and Barcelona, two cities that have developed comprehensive and innovative transportation systems. While both cities have sustainable, efficient, and convenient transportation systems, they differ in their focus and governance structure. Copenhagen is a leading city in sustainable transportation, with a strong focus on cycling infrastructure and an integrated public transportation system. On the other hand, Barcelona focuses on reducing traffic congestion and improving air quality, with innovative solutions such as a low-emission zone and a smart parking system. Additionally, Copenhagen has a highly centralized governance structure, while Barcelona adopts a more decentralized approach, engaging citizens and stakeholders in transportation decision-making. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of differences between Copenhagen and Barcelona in the case of smart mobility implementation.

6

Smart mobility in a smart city concept

Wolniak Radosław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

679--692

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the most important features with which the smart mobility approach is characterized. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: In a smart city, smart mobility also plays an important role in environmental protection. Modern modes of transportation, such as electric cars and urban bicycles, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Thus, smart mobility contributes to improving air quality and the health of residents. As part of the smart city, smart mobility is also seen as part of improving traffic safety. Smart traffic monitoring systems and rapid response to dangerous situations, such as collisions or accidents, can help minimize accidents and collisions. Smart mobility is also one of the key elements of a smart city, which contributes to improving the quality of life for city residents by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution, improving road safety and introducing innovative transportation solutions. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the smart mobility in smart city.

7

Smart City trends and innovations shaping the future of cities

Okello Janet Awino, Akoko John Ayieko

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 169

553--561

EN

Purpose: To highlight the current smart city trends and innovations that will shape the future of modern cities. Design/methodology/approach: This article review is based on a theoretical literature review on the idea of smart city trends and innovations globally. The theoretical approach was based on published journals, government sources, and other sources. Findings: Human needs as well as the development of electronic-based projects for urban areas have evolved over the years. Environmental pollution has caused a drastic change in climate, urbanization happening rapidly, and more pandemics are expected in the future. But with modern technology advancements, it's important for public institutions and private entities to collaborate to make cities more sustainable. Smart energy solutions, urban planning, and smart health communities are important to smart city trends that can help to significantly transform urban centers. Originality/value: the presented review paper provides a current realistic overview of the innovations and trends implemented for smart city projects. They are implemented in some of the major cities of the world and their influence is important in shaping the lives of urban residents and the future of cities.

8

Intellectual property issues in managing a Smart City

Szewc Tomasz, Rubisz Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

469--483

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to examine the specific issues concerning intellectual property protection in the development and functioning of smart city. The authors describe Polish law of intellectual property protection and interpret it in terms of actions carried out when the smart city is created, implemented, and then managed. Design/methodology/approach: This work uses the formal and dogmatic method typical of legal sciences. It contains the content of legal norms and their interpretation, and is based on the analysis of the literature as well. Findings: There are many areas where the law of intellectual property protection is directly related to acts taken when a city is transformed into smart city, covering the scope of copyright and industrial property. They are mentioned and analysed and their implications for city management are discussed. Practical implications: We have shown what smart city managers should know from the scope of intellectual property regulations. This lets them to avoid infringement of someone else's intellectual property on the one hand and to be aware of how to protect the effort put into development work. Social implications: The article enriches the theory both of legal sciences and management sciences. From the managerial point of view, it broadens the competences of local government managers. From a legal point of view, the work analyzes provisions on the protection of intellectual property in the context of reforming the city towards a smart city as well as of its functionning. Originality/value: It is one of the few, if not the first, study in Polish literature dedicated to the issues of intellectual property protection in smart city.

9

Can smart city planning enhance the sustainable transition of the E.U. capitals? A project and strategy-based smart, sustainable performance analysis in the programming period 2014-2020

Szalmáné-Csete Mária, Baranyi Tímea

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

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Vol. 29, Iss. 4

461-473

EN

Cities across the globe perceive their opportunities for digital transition pathways. This paper presents a project and strategy-based assessment of smart city ambitions in the light of sustainable urban development pathways in the European Union capitals considering the programming period 2014-2020. The purpose of the research is to understand better the smart city trends in Europe and identify any correlation between smart city and sustainability ambitions through the European capitals. The basis of the research was the official project result platforms of European funds with priorities related to smart cities. The collected best practices of transnational smart city projects provide statistics from the previous programming period and draw attention to the developing trends of smart city functions and the activity level of European capitals in the digital transition. Results show that between 2014 and 2020 nearly half of the capitals owned a specific smart city strategic document. Evaluating the smart urban performance of the capitals, it can be stated that most smart solutions were implemented related to mobility and environment in the previous period. Furthermore, it was also considered whether smart city projects could facilitate the shift toward sustainability. Based on the assessment of their planning strategies, a complex image of the European capitals has been revealed in their smart city development concepts; their strategic-level planning can be understood better, which is essential for policymaking in the era of digitalisation, identifying synergies with sustainable urban development ambitions, and monitoring the reached targets at the city level.

10

Miasta zrównoważone. Green city, eco-city i smart city- koincydencja pojęć

Hulicka Anna

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2023

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nr 49 (1)

41--62

PL

Współczesne wyzwania w kontekście rozwoju miast, wymuszają konieczność wdrożenia kompleksowych działań, ograniczających negatywne skutki procesów urbanizacji. Na znaczeniu zyskuje koncepcja projektowania i kształ-towania modeli miast zrównoważonych. Artykuł ukazuje problem koincydencji trzech pojęć: green city, eco-city i smart city. Bazując na literaturze przedmiotu, wskazano na znaczące podobieństwa i różnice pomiędzy tymi kon¬cepcjami. Dokonano analizy porównawczej, mającej na celu wyszczególnienie konkretnych kryteriów i cech, jakie powinny posiadać te idee, a także przeglądu wskaźników, branych pod uwagę w międzynarodowych rankingach. Zapoznano się również z praktycznymi założeniami koncepcji urbanistycznych. Takie aplikacyjne zestawienie pojęć, przyczyni się do jeszcze lepszego zrozumienia badanych idei i da możliwość najlepszego wyboru realizacji danej koncepcji, względem potrzeb danego miasta.

EN

Comprehensive ecological actions taken by urban authorities create an opportunity of counteracting the problems of excessi¬ve urbanization, among others, through the development and shaping of sustainable cities. The paper therefore explores the coincidence of the following terms: Green city, Eco – city and Smart city. The aim of the paper is to perform a comparative analysis of the discussed ideas and attempts to indicate the differences and similarities of the aspects of these terms as well as their interdependences. To a great extent, characteristics of such cities are very similar. Green city refers to sustainable cities, in particular in the planning and ecological context. Eco-city shares many features of a Green city, but it includes also numerous technological solutions, which are a main aspect of a Smart city. Very often Eco-city is also a purpose planed city. Smart city is focused on the use of technology in the urban environment, but exploits also some concepts of a Green city. Highly developed cities will certainly implement Sustainable Smart City, which is a compilation of Smart and Green city aspects. However, all of them are formed in accordance with the idea of a sustainable development, which the main aim is to improve the quality of life.

11

Artificial intelligence in the smart city — a literature review

Szpilko Danuta, Naharro Felix Jimenez, Lăzăroiu George, Nica Elvira, Gallegos Antonio de la Torre

Engineering Management in Production and Services

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 4

53--75

EN

The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in smart cities has resulted in enhanced efficiency, accessibility, and improved quality of life. However, this integration has brought forth new challenges, particularly concerning data security and privacy due to the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The article aims to provide a classification of scientific research relating to artificial intelligence in smart city issues and to identify emerging directions of future research. A systematic literature review based on bibliometric analysis of Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted for the study. Research query included TITLE-ABS-KEY (“smart city” AND “artificial intelligence”) in the case of Scopus and TS = (“smart city” AND “artificial intelligence”) in the case of the Web of Sciences database. For the purpose of the analysis, 3101 publication records were qualified. Based on bibliometric analysis, seven research areas were identified: safety, living, energy, mobility, health, pollution, and industry. Urban mobility has seen significant innovations through AI applications, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs), electric vehicles (EVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), yet security concerns persist, necessitating further research in this area. AI’s impact extends to energy management and sustainability practices, demanding standardised regulations to guide future research in renewable energy adoption and developing integrated local energy systems. Additionally, AI’s applications in health, environmental management, and the industrial sector require further investigation to address data handling, privacy, security, and societal implications, ensuring responsible and sustainable digitisation in smart cities.

12

Modern materials and innovative welding technology used in the construction of antenna mounts

Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Węgrzyn Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 115

175--182

EN

Telecommunication, transport and civil engineering play an important role in new research areas. New antennas based on innovative materials are being developed. At the same time, the methods of antenna mounting with the use of high-strength materials to ensure high structural rigidity with the lowest possible weight are being planned. These materials include AHSS steels with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) up to 1700 MPa and elevated yield point (YS); however, welded joints made of these steels have much worse mechanical properties, compared to the native materials. In this paper, it was planned to test the MAG welding of DOCOL 1400M steel (AHSS group). Directly after welding, a micro-jet joint cooling was applied. It was determined to create thin-walled joints that could be used in the formation of antenna mounts.

13

The study of the interdependencies of areas and aspects of smart city in Polish cities

Owczarek Tomasz, Sojda Adam, Wolny Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 161

203--214

EN

Purpose: To determine the interdependencies between Smart City areas as well as the aspects and areas between resident-oriented IT areas of the city. Design / methodology / approach: The data for the study was collected during a survey of 287 cities for Smart City. The study of interdependence was based on a correlation analysis using: Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cramér's V coefficient, and Kendall's tau. In addition, a PCA analysis was used to reduce variable dimensions. Findings: The results of the research indicate that the scope of using services within e-office services is more strongly related to functionality than to IT equipment. In turn, the economic area plays a fundamental role in the perception of the city as a Smart City. There was also a clear difference in self-evaluation regarding Smart City areas and IT aspects of the city depending on the size of the city. However, this difference does not translate into declarations regarding the readiness for evaluation in Smart City categories. Originality/value: presentation of the relationship between the areas defining the concept of Smart City dependence on the basis of an original study addressed to city representatives. The results of the study allow us to look at the Smart City concept from the perspective of the city. The results of the analysis, in addition to scientists dealing with Smart City, may be of interest to city managers in Poland. They show the way of understanding and dependencies between individual areas. They also show those dependencies that need to be strengthened in the context of sustainable development.

14

The dilemmas of implementing smart mobility in Cape Town

Okello Janet Awino

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 155

405--412

EN

Purpose: To establish underlying issues that have hindered the implementation of smart mobility systems in Cape Town. Design/methodology/approach: This article review is based on a theoretical literature review on the idea of mobility and smart City in Cape Town, South Africa. The theoretical approach was based on published journals, government sources, and other sources. Findings: Smart mobility is one of the developmental strategies of this City with a focus on enhancing the existing transport system. This will help improve commuter transfer speed and the overall quality of life. However, the current transport systems have greatly undermined commuter experience, leading to traffic congestion, high transport costs, air and noise pollution, and generally low quality of life. This has had a significant negative impact on the local inhabitants' economic, social, and psychological. The government has also lost revenue due to frequent maintenance, vandalism, and an underutilized transport system. Originality/value: the presented review paper provides a realistic overview of the issues affecting the local government and residents of Cape Town. These issues directly affect the national government and, therefore, there is a need to change the underlying transport structures to ensure that Cape Town meets its smart mobility goals.

15

Social capital as a factor of development of a smart city

Bylok Felicjan

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 160

129--147

EN

Purpose: Social capital constitutes an important factor in the development of a smart city. The adoption of this assumption facilitated the formulation three research questions: In what sphere do the city inhabitants participate in social networks? What is the level of trust shown to neighbours that create the local community? To what degree does the scope of information on the activities on behalf of the local community have an impact on their active participation? Design/methodology/approach: The assumed goal was executed thanks to the application of the method of critical analysis of literary sources and the use of the survey method that served to identify the indicators of social capital in the context of the implementation of the principal assumptions of a smart city. Findings: The findings of empirical research indicate that the level of social capital in the analysed city constitutes a significant barrier in terms of the development of a smart city. Structural capital in the form of neighbourly ties, which are usually restricted to five people, restricts the scope of neighbourly ties. Low relational capital, namely trust has a negative impact on the level of involvement of inhabitants in social initiatives. Engagement in urban social issues is dependent on the knowledge of social initiatives in the area of the district where they live. The application of information and communication technologies (ICT) increases the scope of information about projects and events organized in the city. Research limitations: The acquired research findings with regard to their quantitative nature (survey research) constitutes the basis for the limited findings. Practical implications: The research findings provide knowledge on the subject matter of the level of the existence of social capital and its barrier to development, which may serve the preparation of new solutions in the policies of a smart city. Social implications: The research findings presented in this paper indicate the need to use information and communication technologies in the creation of social capital in the city. Originality/value: The research findings, in a cognitive sense, lead to becoming familiar with the role of social capital in the development of a smart city.

16

Służby ratowniczo-gaśnicze w portach lotniczych w Polsce

Krawczyk Mateusz

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2022

|

XVI

1--16

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności służb ratowniczo-gaśniczych w obrębie polskich portów lotniczych. Scharakteryzowanie zakresu odpowiedzialności i zasięgu akcji pozwala przedstawić zadania powierzone służbom pracującym w trybie całodobowej dyspozycyjności. Ukazanie zadań realizowanych przy użyciu określonych sił i środków wykorzystywanych do reagowania w sytuacji kryzysowego stanowi istotny element pracy. W artykule usystematyzowano procedury i wytyczne dla służb odpowiedzialnych za reagowanie kryzysowe na terenie lotniska i w jego bezpośrednim otoczeniu. Zaprezentowano selektywnie dobrane spektrum zagrożeń dla działalności portów lotniczych. Wskazano przykłady wyposażenia lotnisk w zakresie specjalistycznego sprzętu ratowniczego. Ponadto autorzy pracy odnoszą się do procedur określających działalność służb w portach lotniczych w Polsce, w tym również procesu powiadamiania o zagrożeniach realizowanego między innymi przez Lotniskową Służbę Ratowniczo-Gaśniczą oraz Dyżurnego Oficera Portu Lotniczego we współpracy z podmiotami medycznymi: dyspozytornią medyczną Państwowego Ratownictwa Medycznego oraz Wojewódzkim Koordynatorem Ratownictwa Medycznego.

17

Smart-city trends in the environment of sustainability as support for decarbonization processes

Kinelski Grzegorz

Polityka Energetyczna

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2022

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T. 25, z. 2

109--136

EN

The smart-city concept refers to a city that uses information and communication technologies to increase the interactivity and efficiency of urban infrastructure and its components, as well as raising awareness among residents of, for example, such socially important issues as energy efficiency and decarbonization. The current priorities and strategic goals of cities and metropolitan areas include climate protection, the reduction of pollution caused by the use of means of transport and heat or energy sources. The development of technology and the evolving smart-city concept are in line with the more efficient use of resources, global demographic trends, and ongoing urbanization processes. This results from the evolving potential of cities that the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) have set in motion. A change in the way cities function is a part of the concept of sustainable development, which involves the thoughtful use of resources in such a way that they are sufficient to not only ensure the well-being of the present generation but to also meet the needs of the future. Particularly important is the principle of sustainable development, which involves the greatest possible synergy between people and the world around them. Therefore, the essence of the idea of sustainable development is the pursuit of the well-being of society while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. Studies carried out among inhabitants of cities show that according to their understanding of the smart-city concept, the technological element is as important as the fact that the city is resident-friendly, smartly managed, and well organized, and the entities needed are always in the right place and at the right time. The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation potential of selected cities of a large metropolis in terms of the smart city concept and 4T capitals. The subject is related to the search by city authorities for new models and tools to shape sustainable development in order to improve their residents’ access to municipal services and amenities, as well as to increase their influence on the future of their cities in such difficult ongoing processes as decarbonization. The main objective of the study was to identify how the authorities of the selected cities incorporate smart-city and 4T-capital topics into local policies to achieve decarbonization goals. The study was based on surveys of residents and municipal employees and on an analysis of local documents and environmental data of pollutions.

PL

Koncepcja smart city może odnosić się do miast, które wykorzystują technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne w celu zwiększenia interaktywności i efektywności infrastruktury miejskiej i jej elementów, a także podniesienia świadomości mieszkańców, m.in. tak ważnych społecznie kwestii, jak efektywność energetyczna i dekarbonizacja. Aktualne priorytety i cele strategiczne miast i obszarów metropolitalnych obejmują ochronę klimatu, redukcję zanieczyszczeń powodowanych użytkowaniem środków transportu oraz źródeł ciepła lub energii. Rozwój technologii i ewoluująca koncepcja smart city wpisują się w bardziej efektywne wykorzystanie zasobów, globalne trendy demograficzne oraz zachodzące procesy urbanizacyjne. Wynika to z ewoluującego potencjału miast, który uruchomiły nowe technologie informacyjne i komunikacyjne (ICT). Zmiana sposobu funkcjonowania miast wpisuje się w koncepcję zrównoważonego rozwoju, która zakłada przemyślane wykorzystanie zasobów w taki sposób, aby były one wystarczające dla zapewnienia dobrobytu obecnej generacji, ale także dla zaspokojenia potrzeb przyszłych pokoleń. Szczególnie jest to ważne w zasadzie zrównoważonego rozwoju, która zakłada jak największą synergię między ludźmi a otaczającym ich światem. Dlatego istotą idei zrównoważonego rozwoju jest dążenie do dobrobytu społeczeństwa przy zachowaniu integralności ekosystemu. Badania przeprowadzone wśród mieszkańców miast pokazują, że zgodnie z ich rozumieniem koncepcji smart city, element technologiczny jest tak samo ważny jak to, że miasto jest przyjazne mieszkańcom, mądrze zarządzane i dobrze zorganizowane, a potrzebne zasoby są zawsze w we właściwym miejscu i we właściwym czasie. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest analiza potencjału innowacyjnego wybranych miast dużej metropolii pod kątem koncepcji smart city oraz kapitałów 4T. Tematyka związana jest z poszukiwaniem przez władze miast nowych modeli i narzędzi kształtowania zrównoważonego rozwoju w celu poprawy dostępu ich mieszkańców do usług i udogodnień komunalnych, a także zwiększenia ich wpływu na przyszłość ich miast w tak trudnych, trwających procesach jak dekarbonizacja. Głównym celem badania było zidentyfikowanie, w jaki sposób władze wybranych miast włączają tematykę smart city do lokalnych polityk dla osiągnięcia celów dekarbonizacji. Badania oparto na ankietach mieszkańców i pracowników komunalnych oraz analizie dokumentów lokalnych i danych środowiskowych o zanieczyszczeniach.

18

The concept of smart city development in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic on the example of Kraków and Barcelona – cities combining tradition with modernity

Jankowicz Bogdan

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 4

81--94

EN

The concept of a smart city is still being developed despite the lack of a single universally accepted definition. It is implemented through different approaches in different cities around the world. The presented study concerns the improvement of this idea and the possibility of applying the solutions from Barcelona to the city of Kraków. This paper is based on the author’s experience and observations during a trip to Catalonia and its capital – Barcelona – as well as a study of literature on the smart city. The author takes into account the specific topographical and environmental conditions of each city and the human-environment interactions that have shaped both cities over the centuries. The paper continues to focus on the challenges to smart cities following the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has demonstrated the need to modify ICT (Information and Telecommunications Technologies) applications related to the functioning of the city. Preliminary conclusions drawn from the pandemic also indicate that further development of smart cities should be based not only on ICT applications in public services and public spaces, but also on guaranteeing individual spaces for citizens to live in long-term isolation. In addition, attention was drawn to the need to improve both direct and electronic communication, especially by telephone with the authorities of Kraków, to enable “co-governance” in areas where the voice of the city’s residents can be very valuable.

PL

Koncepcja „Smart City” jest wciąż rozwijana pomimo braku jednej powszechnie akceptowanej definicji. W różnych miastach na świecie stosowane są rozmaite podejścia do jej realizacji. Przedstawione opracowanie dotyczy doskonalenia tej idei oraz możliwości zastosowania osiągnięć Barcelony dla miasta Krakowa. Niniejszy artykuł powstał w oparciu o doświadczenia i obserwacje autora w trakcie podróży po Katalonii i jej stolicy - Barcelony jak i studium literatury w zakresie tematu dot. smart-city. Autor bierze pod uwagę specyficzne warunki topograficzne i środowiskowe każdego miasta oraz interakcje człowiek – środowisko, które ukształtowały oba miasta w ciągu wieków. W dalszym ciągu artykułu skoncentrowano się na wyzwaniach dla inteligentnych miast związanych z pandemią COVID 19. Pandemia ujawniła potrzebę modyfikacji aplikacji ICT (Technologie Informacyjno-Telekomunikacyjne) w funkcjonowaniu miasta. Wstępne wnioski z pandemii wskazują również, że dalszy rozwój inteligentnych miast powinien opierać się nie tylko na zastosowaniach ICT w usługach publicznych i przestrzeni publicznej, ale także na zapewnieniu indywidualnej przestrzeni umożliwiającej obywatelom życie w czasie długotrwałej izolacji. Ponadto zwrócono uwagę na konieczność poprawy komunikacji zarówno bezpośredniej jak i elektronicznej, szczególnie telefonicznej z władzami Krakowa, aby umożliwić „współrządzenie” w obszarach, gdzie ten głos mieszkańców miasta może być bardzo cenny. Stąd bardzo przydatna byłaby centralna platforma komunikacyjna, która automatycznie kierowałaby określoną propozycję lub uwagę ze strony mieszkańców - już do konkretnej jednostki w urzędzie miejskim lub odpowiedniej jednostce decyzyjnej.

19

Social Awareness of the Circular Economy as an Integral Part of Sustainable Development. Observations from Poland

Lewandowska Aleksandra, Rogatka Krzysztof, Lopata Ewelina

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 2

132--153

EN

Sustained growth in the number of urban dwellers means that matters concerning the development of modern cities are not only a challenge for current residents, but a global test for the entire population. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and assess social awareness regarding sustainable development, with particular emphasis on matters concerning the circular economy. The study was conducted by means of the CAWI (Computer Assisted (Aided) Web Interviews) method on a sample of 389 respondents from Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. The results imply that although the society has a correct understanding of sustainable development and the circular economy, there is still a continuing need to support further education due to the necessity for wider and more intensive implementation of sustainable development in practice.

20

The role of digital communication tools in the process of humanization of smart city

Rożałowska Barbara

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 151

595--606

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to characterize the channels of communication between citizens and the authorities of Polish cities and check the extent to which cities use the digital possibilities of contact. Design/methodology/approach: In order to find out about the communication patterns, 280 randomly selected cities were examined. The subject of communication was part of a broader study on the functioning of a smart city in Poland. The theoretical basis used in the article is human smart city. This concept assumes that the functioning of cities requires social participation and effective communication also using channels supported by information and communication technologies (ICT). Findings: The conclusions of the study show that most cities still used the traditional approach in dealing with the locals. Personal meetings and a paper-based message are preferred. Research limitations/implications: In further research, it is worth observing in which direction the development of city websites is progressing, whether there are general tendencies to expand meeting places between residents, groups of residents and city officials, and what new functionalities are offered by city portals, including social networks. Quantitative research should be extended with case studies to better illustrate the subject of communication. Practical implications: The article can be used by municipal authorities to improve communication with residents. Moreover, it enables comparisons to be made between groups of cities differing in the number of inhabitants. Originality/value: The text considers the subject of communication between the authorities and residents, which has never been studied on a national research sample. New are also developed theoretical models on which to work.