Ograniczanie wyników
Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 44

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 3 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych:  insulation system
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 3 next fast forward last
PL
W artykule przedstawiono główne założenia międzynarodowego projektu realizacji systemu En-ActivETICS, czyli fotowoltaiki zintegrowanej z systemem ociepleń ETICS. Zaprezentowano dwa warianty montażu: realizację w całości na placu budowy oraz realizację z wykorzystaniem elementów prefabrykowanych, a także zalety i wady każdego z nich. Sformułowano praktyczne wnioski płynące z przeprowadzonych badań.
EN
The article presents the main assumptions of the international project concerning implementation of the En-ActivETICS system, i.e. photovoltaics integrated with the ETICS insulation system. Two assembly variants were presented: installation carried out entirely on the construction site and installation using prefabricated elements, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Practical conclusions from the research were formulated.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z wykorzystaniem sita molekularnego 3A do suszenia układu izolacyjnego transformatora. Zastosowanie sita pozwoliło nie tylko na obniżenie zawartości wody w oleju mineralnym, ale również na poprawę innych jego właściwości istotnych z punktu widzenia eksploatacji transformatora. Ponadto wykazano efektywność suszenia izolacji celulozowej zaimpregnowanej olejem mineralnym przy użyciu sita molekularnego.
EN
The article presents selected issues related to the use of a 3A molecular sieve for drying the transformer insulation system. The use of the sieve allowed not only to reduce the water content in mineral oil, but also to improve its other properties important for the operation of the transformer. Moreover, the drying efficiency of cellulose insulation impregnated with mineral oil with the use of a molecular sieve was demonstrated.
PL
W kolejnej części artykułu o systemach ociepleń ETICS autor przedstawia, w jaki sposób należy czytać i analizować dokumentację projektową, na przykładzie wykorzystanych w artykule fragmentów dokumentacji technicznej, elewacji z kolorami o niskim i wysokim HBW. Prezentuje również możliwe błędy w omawianym aspekcie oraz przyczyny ich powstawania.
EN
In the next part of the article on ETICS thermal insulation systems, the author presents how to read and analyse the design documentation of the façades with low and high HBW colours, based on the examples of the fragments of technical documentation used in the article. He also presents possible errors in the discussed aspect and the possibility of their occurrence.
EN
The first research objective was the assessment of the selectivity of water and hydrogen adsorption by the 3A molecular sieve (MS) in the terms of the safety of using the DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) method as a diagnostic technique. The second objective was to demonstrate the efficiency of drying the insulation system consisting of cellulose insulation impregnated with various insulating liquids in terms of improving safety and extending the service life of power transformers. In order to achieve the assumed objectives, measurement systems were prepared and material tests were carried out, based mainly on chromatographic analyzes and measurements of water content using the Karl Fischer titration method. On the basis of the obtained test results and the conducted physical analyzes, the selectivity of MS sorption was shown and it was explained that the facilitator of the adsorption of water molecules is their polar nature related to their large dipole moment. The high efficiency of drying cellulose insulation impregnated with various insulating liquids using MS was also demonstrated.
EN
An integration of the electrical machine and the gearbox is attracting particular attention for the design of modern electric and hybrid drive trains, since it saves overall space and subsequently increases the power density. Another benefit of a high level of integration is that it enables a combined application of oils as both cooling fluid for the electrical machine and as lubrication fluid for the transmission system. In this way, the power density of the integrated drive train can be further increased. During the oil cycling, conductive contaminations may be introduced and subsequently have an influence on the function of the insulation system of the electrical machine. In the present work, the influences of the cooling oil and its conductive contaminations, conductive particles as well as their combination with humidity, on the electrical and dielectric properties of the insulation system are studied. The results show that by application of the cooling oil, the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of the winding insulation increases significantly so that an electrical breakdown is prone to happen before a partial discharge (PD) occurs. With increasing particle contamination, the PDIV of the insulation system decreases significantly, while the capacitance increases. Besides, conductive particles and humidity decrease the surface resistance and surface breakdown voltage of the insulation papers significantly. The results indicate that the conductive particle contaminations can play an important role for the electrical degradation of the insulation system.
EN
To reduce the losses of the power electronic inverter, the voltage slew rate (d u/d t) of the electric motors supplying voltage is increasing. As steep voltage slopes excite high frequencies in the megahertz range, transient phenomena in the winding of the electrical machine occur. To design the insulation system, the maximum electric potential difference between the conducting elements must be predicted. General design rules can lead to a significant overengineering of the interturn insulation, particularly when considering smaller stators with a known wire distribution. Therefore, two different winding topologies are studied comparing the voltage distribution in a round-wire winding and a winding with preformed coils.
7
Content available remote Odporność systemów ociepleń ETICS na uszkodzenia mechaniczne
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest odporność systemów ociepleń ETICS na uszkodzenia mechaniczne. Autor przedstawia sposób wytwarzania i właściwości siatek zbrojących z włókna szklanego do systemów ETICS, a także omawia formalne warunki dopuszczenia siatek zbrojących do zastosowania w systemach ETICS, sposoby zwiększania odporności systemów ociepleń na uderzenia oraz miejsca zastosowania podwójnego zbrojenia w systemach ETICS.
EN
The subject of the article is the resistance of ETICS thermal insulation systems to mechanical damage. The author presents the method of manufacturing and properties of fibreglass mesh for ETICS systems, and he also discusses the formal conditions for admitting reinforcing mesh to be used in ETICS systems, methods of increasing the impact resistance of thermal insulation systems and places to use double reinforcement in ETICS systems.
8
Content available remote Wykorzystanie haloizytu w układach izolacyjnych
PL
Napełniaczem, który stał się ostatnio przedmiotem badań wdrożeniowych wielu ośrodków badawczych, jest haloizyt. Minerał ten jest przedmiotem intensywnych badań nad możliwością zastosowania go w kompozytach polimerowych w celu poprawy ich właściwości. Użycie haloizytu do modyfikacji jest prostsze i tańsze niż w przypadku np. montmorylonitu, miki czy kaolinu. Łatwiej i szybciej można go też rozdrabniać i dyspergować.
EN
Varying ohmic loss in the winding of electrical machines, which are operated atvarious operating points, results in temperature changes during operation. Particularly, when the temperature is varying dynamically, the insulation system suffers from repeated thermal-mechanical stress, since the thermal expansion coefficients of the insulating materials and copper conductors are different. For the appropriate design of an insulation system, the effect of thermal-mechanical stress must be known. In the present work, motorettes are subjected to repeated thermal cycles. The expected lifetime is estimated and compared to the life time which is achieved by applying a lifetime-model which only considers thermal aging while ignoring thermal-mechanical stress effects. In addition, the hotspot temperature is simulated, the lifetime at the hotspot is estimated as the worst case. As expected, the results indicate that the thermal-mechanical stress plays a significant role during dynamic thermal aging of the winding insulation system. To better understand the thermal-mechanical stress effect, the resulting thermal-mechanical stress in a single wire is analyzed by the finite element method. A preliminary analysis of the aging mechanism of materials due to cyclic thermal-mechanical stress is performed with the theory of material fatigue.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są wymagania oceny technicznej dla zestawów wyrobów do wykonywania ociepleń stropów od strony sufitów z zastosowaniem wyrobów z wełny mineralnej (MW). Zostały w nim omówione zagadnienia związane z Krajową Oceną Techniczną (KOT), a także garażowy system ociepleń, wymagania w zakresie bezpieczeństwa pożarowego, higieny, zdrowia, środowiska i bezpieczeństwa użytkowania oraz ochrony przed hałasem. Przedstawiono także skład zestawu wyrobów do izolacji cieplnej.
EN
The subject of the paper are technical assessment requirements for product kits used in thermal insulation of ceilings with the use of mineral wool products (MW). It describes the issues related with the National Technical Assessment as well as the garage thermal insulation system, fire safety, hygiene, health, environmental and safety of use requirements and noise protection requirements. The composition of the thermal insulation products kit has also been presented.
11
Content available remote Ocena Techniczna systemów ociepleń ETICS i przyczyny uszkodzeń
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest ocena techniczna systemów ociepleń ETICS. Zaczyna się on od charakterystyki tego systemu. Następnie omawiane są zasady projektowania ociepleń w tym systemie z uwzględnieniem analizy przyjętych rozwiązań pod kątem praw fizyki i zasady stosowania termoizolacji. Druga część poświęcona jest wykonawstwu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem przyczyn wad i usterek oraz przyczyn uszkodzeń ocieplanych elewacji.
EN
The subject of this Article is the technical assessment of ETICS insulation systems. It starts with the characteristics of this system. Then the principles of thermal insulation design in this system are discussed, taking into account the analysis of the adopted solutions in terms of the physical law and the principle of applying thermal insulation. The second part is devoted to the workmanship, with particular emphasis put on the defect and fault as well as damage causes in relation to the insulated facades.
12
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są szeroko zakrojone badania systemów ociepleń na bazie EPS z uwzględnieniem pasów MW. Porównano w nim wymagania w zakresie bezpieczeństwa pożarowego w niektórych krajach UE na podstawie normy BS8414-1:2015+A1:2017. Omówiono proces badawczy z uwzględnieniem ściany EPS SYSTEM oraz SYSTEM EPS z nadprożem MW. Przedstawiono wyniki badań w zakresie przebiegu zmian temperatury w trakcie badania obu ścian uwieńczone porównaniem średnich temperatur zmierzonych w czasie badania.
EN
This paper describes large-scale tests on EPS insulation systems with mineral wool strips. It contains a summary of fire safety requirements specified in BS 8414-1:2015+A1:2017 standard, adopted in certain EU countries. It also describes the testing procedure performed for walls with EPS SYSTEM and EPS SYSTEM with lintel insulated with mineral wool. Temperature changes during the test have been analysed and average temperatures measured in the course of the test have been compared.
EN
This paper presents comparative analysis of various acoustic signals expected during partial discharge (PD) measurements in operating power transformer. Main purpose of the paper is to yield relevant and reliable method to distinguish between various acoustic emission (AE) signals emitted by PD and other sources, with particular consideration of real-life results rather than laboratory simulations. Therefore, selected examples of real-life AE signals registered in seven different power transformers, under normal operation conditions, within few years are showed and analyzed. Five scenarios are investigated, which represent five types of AE sources: PD generated by artificial sources, and next four real-life sources (including PD in working transformer, oil flow, oil pumps and core). Several different signal processing methods are applied and compared in order to identify the PD signals. As a result, an energy patterns analysis based on the wavelet decomposition is found as the most reliable tool for identification of PD signals. The presented results may significantly support the process of interpretation of the PD measurement results, and may be used by field engineers as well as other researchers involved in PD analysis using AE method. Finally, observed properties also provide a solid basis for establishing or improving complete classification method based on the artificial intelligence algorithms.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono klasyfikacje systemów izolacji termicznych od wewnątrz. Zaprezentowano wybrane rozwiązania i ich parametry techniczne oraz zawarto analizę dyfuzyjnie otwartych i zamkniętych systemów występujących na rynku polskim. Zebrano wszystkie wytyczne prawne dotyczące ocieplania budynku według wymagań zawartych w DIN 4108-2 dla nieprzezroczystych powierzchni płaskich o masie powierzchniowej większej od 100 kg/m2 i o masie powierzchniowej do 100 kg/m2 oraz według dokumentów UE. Zestawiono porównanie systemów termoizolacyjnych od wewnątrz, pod względem wybranych parametrów technicznych.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest mocowaniu mechanicznemu systemów ETICS i prezentuje wstępne zagadnienia związane z obliczeniami wymaganej liczby łączników mechanicznych. Autorzy omawiają typy i funkcje łączników w zależności od rodzaju termoizolacji i kategorii podłoża. Rozpatrują podstawowe zasady stosowania łączników mechanicznych oraz wskazują na konsekwencje i zagrożenia wynikające z błędów w montażu łączników. Ponadto podają cechy oraz parametry łączników i systemów ociepleń, istotne przy obliczaniu mechanicznego mocowania ETICS z uwagi na nośność łączników i nośność systemu.
EN
The article is dedicated to mechanical fixing of ETICS and gives a generał overview of matters relevant for the calculation of the required number of anchors. The authors discuss the types and functions of anchors depending on the type of thermal insulation and substrate category. They analyse the principles of anchor application and underscore the consequences and hazards resulting from anchor installation errors. Also, they present the characteristics and parameters of anchors and insulation systems to be considered when calculating the ability of the ETICS fixing, and the system itself, to withstand imposed loads.
EN
The main purpose of the presented research is to investigate the partial discharge (PD) phenomenon variability under long-term AC voltage with particular consideration of the selected physical quantities changes while measured and registered by the acoustic emission method (AE). During the research a PD model source generating surface discharges is immersed in the brand new insulation mineral oil. Acoustic signals generated by the continuously occurred PDs within 168 hours are registered. Several qualitative and quantitative indicators are assigned to describe the PD variability in time. Furthermore, some longterm characteristics of the applied PD model source in mineral oil, are also presented according to acoustic signals emitted by the PD. Finally, various statistical tools are applied for the results analysis and presentation. Despite there are numerous contemporary research papers dealing with long-term PD analysis, such complementary and multiparametric approach has not been presented so far, regarding the presented research. According to the presented research from among all assigned indicators there are discriminated descriptors that could depend on PD long-term duration. On the grounds of the regression models analysis there are discovered trends that potentially allow to apply the results for modeling of the PD variability in time using the acoustic emission method. Subsequently such an approach may potentially support the development and extend the abilities of the diagnostic tools and maintenance policy in electrical power industry.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono problematykę zawilgocenia układu izolacyjnego transformatora. Główny nacisk położono na metody suszenia izolacji za pomocą sit molekularnych 3A i 13X. Przedstawiono izotermy sorpcji wody dla tych materiałów. Ponadto przedstawiono wyniki badań potwierdzające możliwość zastosowania wybranych sit molekularnych do efektywnego suszenia oleju mineralnego.
EN
The paper presents the problems of moisture in the transformer insulation system. The main emphasis was put on drying methods of insulation by means of molecular sieves 3A and 13X. The water sorption isotherms for these materials are presented. In addition, the research results confirming the utility of chosen molecular sieves for the effective drying of mineral oil are presented.
18
Content available remote Kontrowersje wokół natryskowych pianek PUR
EN
An alternative method for analysis of acoustic emission (AE) signals generated by partial discharges (PD), based on a correlation between voltage phase run and AE pulses, so called phase resolved PD pattern (PRPD), is presented in the paper. PRPD pattern is a well-known analysis tool commonly used in such PD diagnostic methods as conventional electrical and UHF ones. Moreover, it yields various signal analysis abilities and allows a direct correlation indication between measurement results achieved using different methods. An original PRPD measurement methodology applied for AE method as well as some exemplary measurement results and further data analysis capabilities are presented in the paper. Also a comparative analysis of PRPD patterns achieved using various measurement methods and different PD source configurations have been investigated. All presented experiments were done under laboratory conditions using PD model sources immersed in the insulation oil. The main purpose of the presented research is to indicate an all-embracing analytical tool that yields an ability to direct comparison (qualitative as well as quantitative) of the AE measurement results with other commonly applied PD measurement methods. The presented results give a solid fundamental for further research work concerning a direct correlation method for AE and other described in the paper diagnostic techniques, mainly in order to continue PD phenomena analysis and assessment in real life high voltage apparatus insulation systems under normal onsite operation conditions.
first rewind previous Strona / 3 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.