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PL
W artykule omówiono uregulowania prawne i praktyczne problemy dotyczące tworzenia planu bezpieczeństwa i ochrony zdrowia. Odniesiono się do związków planu bezpieczeństwa i ochrony zdrowia z harmonogramem robót budowlanych, oceną ryzyka zawodowego oraz instrukcjami bezpiecznego wykonywania robót budowlanych. Przedstawiono rolę planu bezpieczeństwa i ochrony zdrowia w zarządzaniu procesem budowlanym, koordynacji robót i informowaniu wykonawców i ich pracowników o zagrożeniach związanych z realizacją procesu budowlanego. W końcowej części podjęto próbę klasyfikacji najczęściej występujących nieprawidłowości, jakie występują w planach bezpieczeństwa i ochrony zdrowia, a także przyczyn ich występowania.
EN
The article discusses the legal regulations and practical problems related to creating a safety and health plan. Reference was made to the relationship between the safety and health protection plan and the construction works schedule, occupational risk assessment and instructions for safe execution of construction works. The role of the safety and health protection plan in the construction process management, works coordination and informing contractors and their employees about the risks related to the construction process was presented. In the final part, an attempt was made to classify the most common irregularities that occur in safety and health protection plans, as well as the reasons for their occurrence.
EN
Chemistry experiments have been an issue of vivid discussion for more than fifty years now. Though there are many who hold a stand-offish position, there is a general notion chemistry experiments inherently belong to chemistry instruction. In this study, attention was given first to the frequency that Czech teachers at both lower and upper-secondary schools use experiments, demonstrations, laboratory work etc. A random, generalisable sample of 354 teachers filled in a questionnaire. The results showed experiments are used only seldom at lower-secondary schools and lyceums, more frequently at grammar schools, yet just “at least once a month”. Safety showed as one of the barriers. The teachers expressed general knowledge about a norm which covers the topic, however in their further responses they expressed a lack of awareness of the compounds their students are allowed to work with. These findings are a call for measures such as: developing a database of well-described procedures including safety regulation remarks or a simplified, easy to follow list of up-to-date regulations.
EN
Purpose: Purpose of this paper: Due to quick evolution of virtual reality systems, this technology is more often used in processes of prototype's design. On the other hand it could be also effective in others applications like virtual manuals, help systems, catalogues, education, visualisation, testing and virtual prototyping. The aim of this paper is to show some properties of the selected virtual reality systems, which could be used in the exploitation and virtual tests of machines. Design/methodology/approach: All software tests have been provided on Windows platform using selected ActiveX plugins for browsers. Findings: Creation of presentations, virtual manuals or catalogues is not a difficult task. It can be done using widely available software. However, virtual prototyping and testing are harder to manage and requires more knowledge about computer simulation. EON/EonX and Cortona software are rather presentation than simulation tools, but there is still possibility to create interaction with other application or external hardware. Research limitations/implications: In described tests only selected software have been used. All results and conclusions are related to EON/EonX and Cortona applications. Practical implications: The use of ActiveX technology gives a possibility to use a ActiveX control in almost any modern Windows application that supports it. Windows platform is also often used in handheld devices and industrial applications, so it is possible to create a virtual manual or a presentation, which could be displayed directly on machine interface. Originality/value: VR technology is worldwide used in many areas. EON software creates new possibilities in the field of virtual reality by handling special interfaces and display features. In the paper it is shown that the software can be used for more conventional purposes, like creation of virtual manuals or interactive 3D presentation.
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