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1

Developing the inoculation procedure for high-quality cast iron with flake graphite, intended for large-size casting (bottom or distance plates and counterweights) – produced in Krakodlew Foundry S.A.

Guzik Edward, Świątkowski Adrian, Szczęsny Andrzej, Kopyciński Dariusz, Mirek Piotr, Piotrowski Krzysztof

Technical Transactions

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2023

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Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023009

EN

This article presents the first part of the research on the production of large-sizecastings, such as bottom plates and counterweights produced in the KrakodlewS.A. foundry. Castings of this type are not complicated in terms of construction butmust meet certain requirements, namely to be able to withstand the effects of hightemperature and associated stresses, or to have specific dimensions and weight inthe case of counterweights. In both cases, the most common method of formingcastings is horizontal moulding. However, this requires a lot of time for machiningthe finished castings. Forming heavy castings in a vertical orientation, although muchmore problematic, can mean that the amount of time required for machining may bereduced. The research presents the effect of overheating temperature on the effectsof inoculation with the Zircinoc inoculant, in which it was shown that increasing thetemperature by fifty degrees increased the amount of eutectic grains by around11–15%.

2

The Effect of Successive Stages of the Melting Process on the Nucleation of Ductile Cast Iron

Kołakowski Jakub, Brzeżański Mateusz, Burdzy Daniel, Sobieraj J., Urbanowicz M., Paruch T., Janerka Krzysztof

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

61--67

EN

The article discusses issues related to the melting of grey and ductile cast iron in terms of metallurgical quality. The derivative and thermal analysis (DTA) was used to assess this quality. The article presents the results of research carried out in industrial conditions and analysed by the Itaca system. In the paper, the effect of the furnace type, the charge materials and the inoculation process on the parameters characterising the cast iron being melted was analysed. The most important of these are the minimum eutectic temperature (Temin), the liquidus temperature (Tliquidus) and the nucleation rate. The results of the research and calculations are shown in graphs and as dependencies. Some of DTA results were compared to the microstructure analysis results. The article shows that the derivative and thermal analysis is a very effective tool in the assessment of the metallurgical quality of cast iron. It is a very good addition to chemical analysis. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that a very high correlation exists between the rate of nucleation (DTA) and the number of graphite nuclei (microstructure analysis). Furthermore, it was also found that an improvement in nucleation could be achieved by ensuring a high value of carbon equivalent (CE) and, above all, by conducting the primary and secondary inoculation processes, respectively.

3

Investigation of the Effect of Solidification Time and Addition Amount of Inoculation on Microstructure and Hardness in Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron

Çolak Murat, Uslu Emin, Teke Çağatay, Şafak F., Erol Ő., Erol Y., Çoban Y., Yavuz M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

24--33

EN

Material suppliers typically recommend different additive amounts and applications for foundry practices. Therefore, even in the production of the same standard materials, different results may be obtained from various production processes on different foundry floors. In this study, the liquid metal prepared with the addition of different proportions of a FeSi-based inoculation, which is most commonly used in foundries in the production of a cast iron material with EN-GJL-250 lamellar graphite cast iron, was cast into sand molds prepared with a model designed to provide different solidification times. In this way, the optimization of the inoculation amounts on the casting structure for different solidification times was investigated. In addition, hardness values were determined depending on solidification time in varying amounts of inoculation additions. SolidCast casting simulation software was used to determine the casting model geometry and solidification time. In the scope of the study, sand casting, modeling, microstructure analysis, image analysis, microstructure analysis, and hardness tests techniques were used. When the results are examined, the required amount of inoculation for the optimal structure is optimized for the application procedure depending on the casting module and the solidification time.

4

Inoculation of Gray Cast Iron Intended for Large Scale and Heavy Weight Castings of Bottom Plates and Counterweights Manufactured in the KrakOdlew S.A.

Szczęsny Andrzej, Kopyciński Dariusz, Guzik Edward

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

19--24

EN

The paper presents research carried out during the development of new technology for the production of heavy-weight castings of counterweights. The research concerns the procedure of inoculation gray cast iron with flake graphite and indicates guidelines for the development of new technology for obtaining inoculated cast iron for industrial conditions. The research was conducted in order to verify the possibility of producing large size or heavy-weight castings of plates in a vertical arrangement. The aim is to evenly distribute graphite in the structure of cast iron and thus reduce the volumetric fraction of type D graphite. The tests were carried out using the ProCast program, which was used to determine the reference chemical composition, and the inoculation procedure was carried out with the use of three different inoculants. The work was carried out in project no. RPMP.01.02.01-12-0055 / 18 under the Regional Operational Program of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in Krakow (Poland).

5

Effect of Inoculants on the Structure and Properties of Thin-Walled Ductile Iron Castings

Roučka Jaromir, Kaňa Václav, Kryštůfek T., Chýlková A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 22, iss. 4

90--95

EN

In many application fields, thin-walled ductile iron castings can compete with castings made from aluminium alloys thanks as their show superior mechanical properties higher stiffness, vibrations damping as well as properties at higher temperatures. As problematic criterion in thin-walled cast-iron castings can be seen the graphitization ability and high sensitivity of the structure and the mechanical properties to the solidification rate. The tests were curried on plate castings with wall thicknesses of 3, 5, and 8 mm, using inoculants based on FeSi70 with different contents of nucleation-active elements as aluminium, calcium, zirconium and magnesium. The inoculation was made by the in-mould method. In the experiments structures were achieved, differing by the graphite dispersity, structure and mechanical properties. The experiments have proved particularly a high sensitivity of the structure and the mechanical properties to the cooling rate of the sample castings. The influence of the inoculant type is less important than the influence of solidification rate.

6

Èffektivnostʹ primeneniâ mikrobiologičeskih preparatov pri vyraŝivanii pšenicy ozimoj

Vinyukov Oleksandr, Chuhrii Hanna, Poplevko Viktor

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

30--35

RU

В статье приведены теоретическое обобщение и новое решение научной задачи, которая заключается в научном обосновании и разработке агротехнологических мероприятий повышения зерновой продуктивности растений пшеницы озимой с учетом морфобиологических особенностей сорта, его реакции на применение микробиологических препаратов с целью повышения эффективности выращивания и стабилизации валовых сборов зерна в регионе. Установлено, что инокуляция семян микробиологическими препаратами положительно сказалась не только на формировании биометрических показателей растений пшеницы озимой, но и улучшало физиологические процессы, такие как накопление хлорофилла в листьях. Условия осенней вегетации растений озимых в годы проведения исследований способствовали наращиванию содержания хлорофилла в вегетативных частях растений. Так, на время прекращения осенней вегетации все варианты, где применяли инокуляцию семян обеспечили увеличение содержания хлорофилла по сравнению с контролем от 0,3 мг/г а.с.в. до 0,6 мг/г а.с.в. Среди вариантов выделились те, где к препарату Меланориз добавлялись ГумиФренд или ХелпРост. Исследованиями доказано, что использование микробиологических препаратов в технологиях выращивания озимой пшеницы способствует усилению поступления питательных веществ к растениям, стимулирующим развитие растений в течение вегетации, и, как следствие, повышает показатели структуры урожая. Наряду с вариантами, где использовали инокуляцию семян, варианты с опрыскиванием посевов также повлияли на длину колоса обеспечив прибавку к контрольному варианту на 4,1%, за счет опрыскивания посевов в фазу кущения и на 6,9% при опрыскивании посевов в фазу флагового листа препаратом ГумиФренд. Установлено, что за годы проведения исследований, наиболее существенная прибавка урожайности была при инокуляции семян препаратом Меланориз (12,5%). В результате многолетних исследований усовершенствованы существующие приемы выращивания озимой пшеницы за счет внедрения новых агротехнических мероприятий, которые позволяют в условиях восточной части Северной Степи полнее реализовывать генетические особенности нового сорта озимой пшеницы

EN

The article presents a theoretical generalization and a new solution to a scientific problem, which consists in the scientific substantiation and development of agrotechnological measures to increase the grain productivity of winter wheat plants, taking into account the morphobiological characteristics of the variety, its response to the use of microbiological preparations in order to increase the efficiency of cultivation and stabilize the gross grain yield in the region. It was found that the inoculation of seeds with microbiological preparations had a positive effect not only on the formation of biometric indicators of winter wheat plants, but also improved physiological processes, such as the accumulation of chlorophyll in the leaves. The conditions of autumn vegetation of winter crops during the years of research contributed to an increase in the content of chlorophyll in the vegetative parts of plants. So, at the time of the termination of the autumn vegetation, all variants where seed inoculation was used provided an increase in the chlorophyll content in comparison with the control from 0.3 mg/g up to 0.6 mg/g. Among the options stood out those where GumiFrend or HelpRost were added to the Melanoriz. Studies have shown that the use of microbiological preparations in winter wheat cultivation technologies enhances the supply of nutrients to plants that stimulate plant development during the growing season, and, as a result, increases the yield structure indicators. Along with the options where seed inoculation was used, the options with spraying crops also influenced the ear length, providing an increase to the control option by 4.1%, due to spraying crops in the tillering phase and by 6.9% when spraying crops in the flag leaf phase with the GumiFrend. It was found that over the years of research, the most significant increase in yield was when seeds were inoculated with Melanoriz (12.5%). As a result of many years of research, the existing methods of growing winter wheat have been improved through the introduction of new agrotechnical measures, which make it possible to more fully realize the genetic characteristics of a new variety of winter wheat in the conditions of the eastern part of the Northern Steppe.

7

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Graphite Flake Formation of Low Manganese and Sulfur Gray Cast Iron

Reyes-Castellanos G., Cruz-Ramírez A., Colin-García E., Gutiérrez-Pérez V. H.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2021

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Vol. 66, iss. 1

249--258

EN

Low manganese and sulfur gray irons were produced by adding inoculant base Fe-Si with small amounts of Al and Ca in the ladle. The effect of the cast thickness, inoculant amount and shakeout time of the green sand molds were studied on the graphite flake formation by microscopically techniques. A thermodynamic analysis was carried out for the cast iron produced with the FactSage 7.2 software. Stability phase diagrams were obtained for both gray cast irons to different manganese (0.1 to 0.9 wt.%) and sulfur (0.01 to 0.12 wt.%) amounts to 1150°C. It was shown that lower amounts of manganese and sulfur allow forming the 3Al2O3·2SiO2, Al2O3, and ZrO2 solid compounds. The thermodynamic results match with those obtained by SEM-EDS. It is possible to form MnS particles in the liquid phase when the solubility product (%Mn) × (%S) equals 0.042 and 0.039 for heats A and B, respectively.

8

Efektywność biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych w zestarzałym odpadzie z dołu urobkowego

Steliga T., Jakubowicz P., Kapusta P., Wojtowicz K.

Nafta-Gaz

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2018

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R. 74, nr 10

752--758

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ocenę efektywności biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych w trakcie etapowego oczyszczania zestarzałego odpadu, który zdeponowano w dole urobkowym G-70. Odpad z dołu urobkowego G-70 był silnie zanieczyszczony substancjami ropopochodnymi (TPH) (14 258÷120 380 mg/kg s.m.) i BTEX (68,9÷92,7 mg/kg s.m). Etapowa technologia oczyszczania odpadów wiertniczych metodą in situ obejmuje: wstępną remediację, modyfikację struktury odpadu, bioremediację podstawową stymulowaną przez wapnowanie i nawożenie (wzbogacanie środowiska odpadu w składniki biogenne) oraz inokulację biopreparatami opracowanymi na bazie autochtonicznych niepatogennych gatunków bakterii, grzybów i drożdży. Rozbudowany monitoring procesów bioremediacyjnych oparty na chromatograficznych analizach zanieczyszczeń ropopochodnych i badaniach parametrów fizyczno-chemicznych oraz mikrobiologicznych (całkowita liczba mikroorganizmów, liczba mikroorganizmów rozkładających węglowodory ropopochodne, liczba grzybów, identyfikacja rodzajowa i gatunkowa bakterii i grzybów oraz aktywność dehydrogenazowa) w pełni pozwala na optymalizację ich przebiegu oraz ocenę efektywności opracowanych biopreparatów. Po przeprowadzeniu w roku dwóch serii inokulacji biopreparatem na bazie autochtonicznych niepatogennych gatunków bakterii (G-70-1) najszybciej zachodziła biodegradacja węglowodorów alifatycznych o długości łańcucha nC9–nC20 w zakresie: 47,8÷69,6%, zaś w przypadku węglowodorów o długości łańcucha nC21–nC36 w zakresie: 25,7÷51,4%. Uzyskano także obniżenie zawartości BTEX o 53,9%. Wzbogacenie biopreparatu (G-70-1) o autochtoniczne niepatogenne gatunki grzybów i drożdży (G-70-2) oraz przeprowadzenie w II roku oczyszczania trzech serii inokulacji przyczyniły się do wzrostu stopnia biodegradacji węglowodorów z zakresu nC9–nC22 o 51,3÷79,5%, węglowodorów cięższych nC23–nC36 o 39,6÷54,4% oraz BTEX o 79,8%. Po zakończeniu oczyszczania sumaryczna zawartość węglowodorów ropopochodnych w odpadzie wynosiła poniżej 1000 mg TPH/kg s.m., co pozwoliło na przywrócenie aktywności biologicznej na tym terenie.

EN

The article presents an assessment of the biodegradation efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons during the treatment of weathered drilling waste, which was deposited in the G-70 waste pit. The waste was strongly contaminated with hydrocarbons – TPH (14 258÷120 380 mg/kg dry mass) and BTEX (68.9÷92.7 mg/kg dry mass). Stage technology of drilling waste treatment with an in-situ method includes: initial remediation, modification of waste structure, basic bioremediation stimulated by liming and fertilization (enrichment of waste with biogenic components), and inoculation with biopreparation based on autochthonous nonpathogenic bacteria, fungi and yeast. Extended monitoring of the bioremediation, based on chromatographic analyses of petroleum hydrocarbons, physicochemical tests and microbiological research (total number of microorganisms, number of microorganisms decomposed of hydrocarbons, number of fungi, genus and species identification of bacteria as well as fungi and dehydrogenases activity), enables optimization of their course and assessment of developed biopreparations effectiveness. During two series of inoculation with G-70-1 biopreparation done in the first year of treatment, biodegradation was the most effective in the case of aliphatic hydrocarbons of nC9–nC20 chain (47.8÷69.6%) whereas it was slightly lower for those of nC21–nC36 (25.7÷51.4%). Aromatic compounds (BTEX) were degraded by 53.9%. Application of biopreparation, enhanced with fungi and yeast (G-70-2) during the second year of treatment (3 series of inoculation), resulted in TPH decrease for hydrocarbons: nC9–nC22 by 51.3÷79.5%, for nC23–nC36 by 39.6÷54.4% and BTEX by 79.8%. After the treatment, TPH level was reduced below 1000 mg/kg dry mass and conditions were created for the restoration of biological activity.

9

Response of pulses to seed or soil application of rhizobial inoculants

Martyniuk S., Kozieł M., Gałązka A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 2

323--342

EN

In micro-plot experiments growth, nodulation and seed yields of pea, yellow lupine and soybean grown in a soil colonized by high populations of pea and lupine rhizobia and low population of soybean rhizobia as influenced by seed or soil application of rhizobial inoculants were studied. The studied inoculation method had no significant effects on root nodule numbers, plant growth at the flowering stage and on seed yields of pea and yellow lupine in comparison to uninoculated control treatments. In the case of soybean seed and soil inoculation with soybean rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) resulted in a significant increase of nodulation intensity, fresh and dry mass of shoots at the flowering stage as well as pod numbers and soybean seed yields at harvest. Soybean grown on plots in which soil was inoculated with the symbiotic bacteria gave seed yield by about 57 % higher as compared to that of soybean grown from seed inoculated with the rhizobia and by 169 % higher than when this crop was grown on the control (uninoculated) plots.

10

Crystallization Process of High Chromium Cast Iron with the Addition of Ti and Sr

Dojka M., Kondracki M., Studnicki A., Dojka R.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 2

57--64

EN

The paper concerns the processes connected with the formation of chromium white cast iron microstructure. The influence of titanium and strontium on the alloy crystallization has been described using TDA method and EDS analysis. Conducted experiments allowed the determination of the selected additions influence on the microstructure of examined alloys. TDA analysis enabled indication of the characteristic temperatures of thermal effects for samples with strontium and titanium and the comparison of results for the reference sample without additions. The results of TDA test also included the analysis of the temperature first derivative values, which presented interesting differences as well. The scanning microscopy observation clearly indicated the difference between the effect of strontium and titanium on the alloy microstructure. The EDS analysis helped to identify the chemical composition of the evolving phases and confirmed the strontium presence in the eutectic. Experimental results allowed to draw reliable conclusions about the effect of applied additions on the crystallization and microstructure of chromium cast iron.

11

Affecting the Crystallization of Al-based alloys by Electromagnetic Field

Bolibruchová D., Brůna M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 18, iss. 2

157--162

EN

This article deal with non-conventional methods to affect the crystallization of Al-alloys by the application of electromagnetic field. The application of electromagnetic field is not technically complicated, it does not require mechanical contact with the melt, and the scale of the crystallization influence is not dependent on the thickness of the casting. Two experimental materials were used: AlSi10MgMn and AlSi8Cu2Mn and two values of electromagnetic induction: B = 0.1 T a B = 0.2 T. The best results for alloy AlSi10MgMn were achieved by application of electromagnetic field with induction B = 0.2 T; during this experiment the best mechanical properties were achieved - the biggest increase of mechanical properties was recorded. The best results for alloy AlSi8Cu2Mn were achieved by combination of electromagnetic field with induction B = 0.1 T and modification by 0.05 wt. % Sr. In this case we don´t recommend to use electromagnetic field with induction B = 0.2 T; because of deposition of coarse grains and decreasing of mechanical properties.

12

The influence of seed dressings and effective microorganisms on the development and health status of selected species of cereals

Korbas M., Horoszkiewicz-Janka J., Jajor E., Danielewicz J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 62, nr 3

178--182

EN

The aim of the study was to assess how synthetic seed dressings, effective microorganisms (EM) and the combination of both influenced the development and the health status of wheat, barley and rye at early phases of their growth. The following seed dressings were used in a greenhouse experiment: EM MG, Astep 225 FS, Baytan Trio 180 FS and Vibrance Gold 100 FS. They were applied individually and in combination with EM MG. The emergence of plants, the percentage of plants with blight symptoms, the fresh and dry weight as well as the length of the aerial part and roots were assessed at the phase of 9 leaves (BBCH 19). There were significant differences in the number of infested winter wheat and winter barley plants between the combinations with seed treated seeds and the control variant. The greatest increase in the fresh and dry weight as well as the length of the aerial part of winter wheat and winter barley plants was observed when their seeds were dressed with Astep 225 FS, Baytan Trio 180 FS and Baytan Trio 180 FS with EM MG.

PL

Celem badań była ocena wpływu syntetycznych zapraw, efektywnych mikroorganizmów (EM) i ich łącznego stosowania z zaprawami na rozwój i zdrowotność pszenicy, jęczmienia oraz żyta we wczesnych fazach wzrostu. W doświadczeniu szklarniowym wykorzystano: EM MG, zaprawy: Astep 225 FS, Baytan Trio 180 FS i Vibrance Gold 100 FS oraz ich łączne zastosowanie z EM MG. W fazie 9 liści właściwych oceniano wschody roślin, procent roślin z objawami zgorzeli oraz świeżą i suchą masę części nadziemnej i korzeni oraz długość części nadziemnej i korzeni. Stwierdzono istotne statystycznie różnice pomiędzy kombinacjami, których ziarno zostało zaprawione, a kombinacja kontrolną w ilości porażonych roślin pszenicy ozimej i jęczmienia ozimego. Zastosowanie Astep 225 FS i Baytan Trio 180 FS oraz Baytan Trio 180 FS z EM MG wykazały największy wpływ na zwiększenie świeżej i suchej masy części nadziemnej oraz jej długości po zastosowaniu do zaprawienia ziarna pszenicy ozimej i jęczmienia ozimego.

13

Start-up performance of a mesophilic anaerobic digester without external inoculums

Dohdoh A. M., Aboulfotoh A. M.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 4

29--39

EN

The objective of anaerobic digester start-up is to achieve steady-state operation and the required reduction performance in the shortest possible time. The present study aims to assess a novel strategy to start-up pilot scale mesophilic anaerobic digester with internal inoculums; the operational parameters such as feed concentration and operating temperature were also evaluated. Three pilot scale anaerobic digester systems were designed and manufactured. They were equipped with all necessary instruments for measurements, operation and control. Each system consists of a feed tank, a reactor (anaerobic digester), a gas storage tank, and a displaced water collecting tank. The digester start-up was achieved successfully and smoothly without any operational problems. The feed concentration had minor effects on the performance of the digester start-up while the operating temperature has approximately no effect.

14

The Effect of Fe-Ti Inoculation on Solidification, Structure and Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Cast Iron

Kopyciński D., Siekaniec D., Szczęsny A., Guzik E., Nowak A.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 4

2183--2187

EN

The results of studies of the effect of different amounts of the Fe-Ti inoculant on structure and selected mechanical properties of High Chromium Cast Iron (conventionally abbreviated as HCCI) are presented. The main purpose of the inoculation is structure refinement and hence the improvement of casting properties. Generally considered a strong carbide-forming element, titanium is an effective inoculant for the high chromium cast iron. However, there is an optimal amount of titanium addition beyond which the mechanical properties begin to deteriorate. The studies enabled determining the amount of Fe-Ti inoculant optimal for the cast iron of a given chemical composition.

15

Primary Structure and Mechanical Properties of AlSi2 Alloy Continuous Ingots

Wróbel T., Szajnar J., Bartocha D., Stawarz M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 2

145--150

EN

The paper presents the research results of horizontal continuous casting of ingots of aluminium alloy containing 2% wt. silicon (AlSi2). Together with the casting velocity (velocity of ingot movement) we considered the influence of electromagnetic stirring in the area of the continuous casting mould on refinement of the ingot’s primary structure and their selected mechanical properties, i.e. tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and elongation. The effect of primary structure refinement and mechanical properties obtained by electromagnetic stirring was compared with refinement obtained by using traditional inoculation, which consists in introducing additives, i.e. Ti, B and Sr, to the metal bath. On the basis of the obtained results we confirmed that inoculation done by electromagnetic stirring in the range of the continuous casting mould guarantees improved mechanical properties and also decreases the negative influence of casting velocity, thus increasing the structure of AlSi2 continuous ingots.

16

Effect of Different Inoculants on Impact Toughness in High Chromium Cast Iron

Siekaniec D., Kopyciński D., Guzik E., Tyrała E., Nowak A.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 17, iss. 2

85--88

EN

The present work, presented the study of effect of different inoculants on impact toughness in High Chromium Cast Iron. The molds were pouring in industrial conditions and samples were tested in laboratory in Faculty of Foundry Engineering at AGH. Seven samples were tested - one reference sample, three with different addition of Fe-Ti, and three with different addition of Al. The samples were subjected to impact toughness on Charpy hammer and the hardness test. The presented investigations indicate that for the each inoculant there is an optimal addition at which the sample obtained the highest value of impact toughness. For the Fe-Ti it is 0.66% and for Al is 0.17%. Of all the examined inoculants best results were obtained at a dose of 0.66% Fe-Ti. Titanium is a well-known as a good modifier but very interesting results gives the aluminum. Comparing the results obtained for the Fe-Ti and Al can be seen that in the case of aluminum hardness is more stable. The hardness of all samples is around 40-45 HRC, which is not high for this type of cast iron. Therefore, in future studies it is planned to carry out the heat treatment procedure that may improves hardness.

17

Influence of Titanium on Crystallization and Wear Resistance of High Chromium Cast Iron

Studnicki A., Dojka R., Gromczyk M., Kondracki M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 16, iss. 1

117--123

EN

Paper presents the results of studies on primary crystallization and wear resistance of high chromium cast iron inoculated with ferrotitanium intended for work in abrasive conditions. Primary crystallization was examined with use of TDA method, wear tests of the samples were conducted using the modified pin-on-disk method.

18

Structure and Usable Properties of Aluminum Continuous Ingots

Wróbel T., Szajnar J., Bartocha D., Stawarz M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 15, iss. 3

85--90

EN

In paper is presented results of studies concerning ingot of Al with a purity of 99.5% cast with use of stand of horizontal continuous casting. Mainly together with casting velocity was considered influence of electromagnetic stirrer, which was placed in continuous casting mould on refinement of ingots structure and theirs usability to plastic deformation. Effect of structure refinement and usability to plastic deformation obtained by influence of electromagnetic stirring was compared with refinement obtained by use of traditional inoculation, which consists in introducing of additives i.e. Ti and B to metal bath. On the basis of obtained results was affirmed that inoculation realized by electromagnetic stirring in range of continuous casting mould guarantees improvement in structure refinement and usability to rolling of pure Al continuous ingots.

19

Wpływ szczepienia bakteryjnego na wzrost miskanta i liczebność bakterii i grzybów w glebie zawierającej polimery, Cz. 2. Polimery niebiodegradowalne

Janczak K., Dąbrowska G., Znajewska Z., Hrynkiewicz K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2014

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T. 93, nr 12

2222-2225

PL

Porównano wpływ inokulacji bakteriami glebowymi miskanta olbrzymiego (Miscanthus x giganteus) na liczebność populacji grzybów i bakterii w glebie zawierającej niebiodegradowalne materiały polimerowe (polietylen, poli(tereftalan etylenu)). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że szczep Serratia sp. może być wykorzystywany w procesie biodegradacji tworzyw sztucznych z udziałem miskanta olbrzymiego, gdyż w największym stopniu stymulował wzrost roślin i wpływał na wzrost ogólnej liczebności autochtonicznych mikroorganizmów w glebie zawierającej niebiodegradowalne materiały polimerowe.

EN

Polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate films (thickness 0.083 and 0.087 mm, resp.) were prepd. by extrusion, cuy and added to soil used then for growing Miscanthus x giganteus inoculated with bacteria. The strain Serratia sp. strongestly promoted the plant growth and an increase in the no. of bacteria anf fungi in the soil.

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Wpływ szczepienia bakteryjnego na wzrost miskanta i liczebność bakterii i grzybów w glebie zawierającej polimery, Cz. 1. Polimery biodegradowalne

Janczak K., Dąbrowska G., Znajewska Z., Hrynkiewicz K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2014

|

T. 93, nr 12

2218-2221

PL

Przeanalizowano wpływ inokulacji bakteriami Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Serratia sp. na wzrost miskanta olbrzymiego i liczebność bakterii i grzybów w glebie zawierającej biodegradowalne materiały polimerowe (poli(ε-kaprolakton, polilaktyd). Przeprowadzone analizy statystyczne wykazały, że zarówno obecność inokulum bakteryjnego, jak i rodzaj polimeru w glebie miał wpływ na długość pędów miskanta i liczebność populacji bakterii i grzybów glebowych Szczep bakteryjny Serratia sp. w największym stopniu stymulował wzrost miskanta olbrzymiego i wpływał na wzrost liczebności mikroorganizmów w glebie zawierającej biodegradowalne materiały polimerowe.

EN

Poly(ε-caprolactone) and polylactide films were prepd. by extrusion (thickness 0.087 mm), cut and added to soil used then for growing Miscanthus x giganteus for 16 weeks after inoculation with Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp., Serratia sp. bacteria. The no. of bacteria and fungi in the biodegradable polymers-contg. soil as well as miscanthus growth were examd. Both the presence of a bacterial inoculum and the type of plastic material in the soil had an influence on the length of shoots and populations of bacteria and soil fungi. The bacterial Serratia sp. strain showed the strongest stimulation effect on the growth of miscanthus and on the increase in the no. of microorganisms in the soil.